Chapter 19 Flashcards
How did Mendel deduce the principles of genetics?
breeding peas
character
a heritable feature that varies among individuals
trait
a variant of a character found within a population
Allele
an alternative version of a gene
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
expressed traits of an organism
what two factors go into creating a phenotype
genotype and environmental influences
True breeding
results when self-fertilization produces offspring all identical to the parent
Cross-fertilization
the offspring of two different varieties are hybrids
parental (p)
true-breeding parental plants
first filial (F1)
progeny of P mating
Second Filial (F2)
produced by breeding F1 offspring
Thrid Filial (F3)
produced by breeding F2 offspring
how did Mendel prevent self-fertilization
he removed stamen from developing flower buds before they could produce pollen
What did Mendel do to ensure cross-fertilization
he took pollen from another flower and dusted it onto the pistil of the masculinity one
monohybrid cross
cross between true-breeding strains of peas
what does the monohybrid cross show
reciprocal crosses can result in the same outcome, so inheritance does not depend on sex
what was seen from cross-breeding of the first generation
wrinkled and smooth were bread and we saw only smooth in the F1 generation which means the smooth allele is dominant
if F1 is being bred, which generation is being produced
F2
What is Mendel’s first law (principle of Segregation)
members of a gene pair segregate from each other during the formation of gametes in meiosis
homozygous
an organism with two identical alleles for a gene
heterozygous
an organism with two different alleles for a gene
