Chapter 19

Question 1

How did Mendel deduce the principles of genetics?

Answer 1

breeding peas

Question 2

character

Answer 2

a heritable feature that varies among individuals

Question 3

trait

Answer 3

a variant of a character found within a population

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

an alternative version of a gene

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

expressed traits of an organism

Question 7

what two factors go into creating a phenotype

Answer 7

genotype and environmental influences

Question 8

True breeding

Answer 8

results when self-fertilization produces offspring all identical to the parent

Question 9

Cross-fertilization

Answer 9

the offspring of two different varieties are hybrids

Question 10

parental (p)

Answer 10

true-breeding parental plants

Question 11

first filial (F1)

Answer 11

progeny of P mating

Question 12

Second Filial (F2)

Answer 12

produced by breeding F1 offspring

Question 13

Thrid Filial (F3)

Answer 13

produced by breeding F2 offspring

Question 14

how did Mendel prevent self-fertilization

Answer 14

he removed stamen from developing flower buds before they could produce pollen

Question 15

What did Mendel do to ensure cross-fertilization

Answer 15

he took pollen from another flower and dusted it onto the pistil of the masculinity one

Question 16

monohybrid cross

Answer 16

cross between true-breeding strains of peas

Question 17

what does the monohybrid cross show

Answer 17

reciprocal crosses can result in the same outcome, so inheritance does not depend on sex

Question 18

what was seen from cross-breeding of the first generation

Answer 18

wrinkled and smooth were bread and we saw only smooth in the F1 generation which means the smooth allele is dominant

Question 19

if F1 is being bred, which generation is being produced

Answer 19

F2

Question 20

What is Mendel’s first law (principle of Segregation)

Answer 20

members of a gene pair segregate from each other during the formation of gametes in meiosis

Question 21

homozygous

Answer 21

an organism with two identical alleles for a gene

Question 22

heterozygous

Answer 22

an organism with two different alleles for a gene