Chapter 2

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

number of protons (bottom)

Question 2

atomic mass

Answer 2

mass of protons + mass of neutrons (top)

Question 3

isotopes

Answer 3

atoms of same element that differ in neutrons

Question 4

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 4

decay spontaneously giving off energy

Question 5

atom used in carbon dating

Answer 5

C14

Question 6

what are ions

Answer 6

elements that have a different number of electrons than it normally does

Question 7

Ionic Bonds

Answer 7

• nonmetal and metal elements bond
• complete transfer of e-

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

form between hydrogen and electronegative atom

Question 9

Hydrophilic substances

Answer 9

• polar molecules
• form hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Properties given to water from hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

• surface tension
• moderates temp
• ice is less dense than water
• universal solvent

Question 11

covalent bonds

Answer 11

-sharing of electrons
- two non-metal elements

Question 12

monosaccharides

Answer 12

simple sugars/ basic unit

Question 13

Disaccharides

Answer 13

2 monosaccharides linked via a covalent bond

Question 14

oligosaccharides

Answer 14

2-10 monosaccharides linked via a glycosidic bond

Question 15

polysaccharides

Answer 15

polymers consisting of chains of >10 monosaccharide/ disaccharide units

Question 16

Condensation forming a glycosidic bond

Answer 16

water is expelled taking a monosaccharide to a disaccharide

Question 17

hydrolysis forming a glycosidic bond

Answer 17

water is consumed by taking a disaccharide to a monosaccharide

Question 18

water-insoluble compounds, soluble in organic solvents

Answer 18

lipids

Question 19

what kind of bonds make up fatty acids?

Answer 19

amphipathic bonds which means they have hydrophilic (polar) AND hydrophobic (non-polar ) bonds

Question 20

How to tell if a fatty acid is unsaturated

Answer 20

shaped like the end of an arrow

Question 21

how to tell if a fatty acid is saturated

Answer 21

shaped like a straight line

Question 22

hydrophobic effect

Answer 22

minimize contact with hydrophobic molecules

Question 23

what makes up cell membranes

Answer 23

phospholipids

Question 24

how do you read amino acids?

Answer 24

from the amino end to the carboxyl group

Question 25

building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 25

sugar, phosphate, and a base

Question 26

Which molecule is more stable, DNA or RNA?

Answer 26

DNA