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BIO 041 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who performed the Transforming principle Experiment

A

Fredrick Griffith’s- 1920’s

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2
Q

Take home point of the transforming principle

A

the S strain could permanently change or transform the nonlethal R strain into the lethal S strain

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3
Q

Who discovered what the transforming principle was?

A

Avery, Macleod, & McCarty- 1940’s

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4
Q

What was the transforming principle?

A

DNA

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5
Q

Who performed the blender experiment?

A

Hershey and Chase- 1952

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6
Q

What was used to prove genetic material was DNA in the blender expiriment?

A

Bacteriophages

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7
Q

What two isotopes were used in the blender experiment?

A

32P and 35S

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8
Q

Where was the radioactivity in the flask of the protein trial?

A

The radioactivity was in the liquid

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9
Q

Where was the radioactivity in the flask of the DNA trial?

A

in the pellet, which consisted of the bacteria

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10
Q

Who solved the structure of DNA?

A

Rosalin Franklin

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11
Q

What connects the DNA strands to eachother?

A

hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What holds the individual DNA strands together?

A

Phosphodiester (Covalent)

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13
Q

Which connection is stronger, G-C or A-T?

A

G-C, there are 3 h bonds between them while there are only 2 between A-T

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14
Q

How much DNA is in a nucleus?

A

6 ft or 2m

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15
Q

what is a gene?

A

DNA sequence coding for protein or RNA

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16
Q

What is a Genome?

A

collection of genes

17
Q

Difference between coding and non-coding DNA?

A

non-coding DNA doesn’t make protein

18
Q

How many chromosomes do you have?

A

46, 23 pairs (one side of each pair from parent)

19
Q

What is the charge of a histone octamer?

A

positive (attracts negatively charged DNA)

20
Q

How many proteins total in a histone?

A

2 H2A + 2 H2B + 2 H3 + 2 H4 = 8

21
Q

Which protein makes the histone tail?

A

H3

22
Q

Energy used by remodeling complex?

A

ATP

23
Q

what does the remodeling complex do?

A

It shifts chromatin as needed to create txn active vs non txn active

24
Q

traits of euchromatin

A

less condensed, TXN active (gene accessible), occurs in Interphase

25
Q

traits of heterochromatin

A

Not TXN active (less accessible), occurs in mitosis, highly condensed

26
Q

Is heterochromatin and euchromatin interconvertible?

A

YES

27
Q

Why are some x-chromosomes inactivated in females?

A

one of the two x-chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in cells other than eggs. This is referred to as X-inactivation

28
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

it is DNA + Histone

29
Q

Most common form of DNA?

A

BDNA

BIO 041 (12 decks)

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