chapter 7: the skeleton Flashcards
the skull consists of … cranial bones and … facial bones
8,14
name the functions of the cranial bones (5)
- form framework of face
- contain cavities for the special senses
- provide openings for food and air
- secure the teeth
- anchor facial muscles, to show expression
bones are firmly united by interlocking joints called…
sutures
name the major skull sutures (4)
- coronal
- sagittal
- squamous
- lambdoid
what is the cranial vault
- aka calvaria
- forms superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of skull, as well as forehead
what is cranial base
- forms skulls inferior aspect
- divided into 3 distinct fossae
what are the 3 fossae of the cranial base
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
cranial fossa
name the 8 cranial bones
(FEPOTS)
- parietal (2)
- temporal (2)
- frontal
- occipital
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
which bone is shell shaped and forms the anterior cranium, it connects posteriorly with the parietal bones via coronal suture?
frontal bone
forehead is aka
squamous part
where does the frontal squamous region end?
supraorbital margins
which fossa supports the frontal lobes of the brain?
anterior cranial fossa
which bone marking allows the supraorbital artery and nerve to pass the forehead?
supraorbital foramen (notch)
describe the glabella
smooth area of the frontal bone between the orbits
describe the parietal bones
curved and rectangular bones that form most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
describe the occipital bone
forms most of the skulls posterior wall and base
the occipital bone forms the walls of the … which supports the cerebellum of the brain
posterior cranial fossa
which structure connects the inferior part of the brain to the spinal cord
foramen magnum
describe occipital condyles
curved, rockerlike, connected with the first vertebra of the spinal column that allows nodding motion
hypoglossial canal
hidden medially, superior to each occipital condyle
inferior to the parietal bones, meet at the squamous sutures
temporal bones (2)
3 major parts of the temporal bones
squamous, tympanic, pertous
describe zygomatic process
meets at zygomatic bones anteriorly, barlike
decribe zygomatic arch
formed by squamous arch and zygomatic process
describe mandibular fossa
on the inferior surface of zygomatic process receives the condylar process of the mandible
describe tympanic part
surrounds external acoustic meatus
describe petrous part of temporal bones
houses middle and internal ear cavities , contain sensory receptors for hearing and balance; looks like mini mountain ridge
describe the middle cranial fossa
made of sphenoid bones and petrous parts, supports temporal lobes of the brain
describe jugular foramen
large and at the junction of the occipital and petrous temporal bones, allows passage of internal jugular vein and 3 cranial nerves
describe carotid canal
anterior to jugular foramen, transmits the internal carotid arteries to the cranial cavity
describe the foramen lacerum
jagged opening between petrous part and sphenoid bone
describe internal acoustic meatus
superolateral to juglar foramen, transmits cranial nerves 7 and 8
describe mastoid process
anchoring site for some neck muscles
lump just posterior to the ear
describe styloid process
needle-like, attachment point for several tongue and neck muscles and a ligament to attach the hyoid to the skull
describe stylomastoid foramen
allowed cranial nerve 7 to leave the skull
between styloid and mastoid process
describe sphenoid bone
has a central body and 3 other pairs of processes
what are the 3 processes of the sphenoid
greater and lesser wings, pterygoid process
what is the saddle shaped prominence of the sphenoid bone
sella turcica
describe the hypophyseal fossa
in the middle of the sella turcica, snug enclosure for the pituitary gland
describe the greater wings of the sphenoid
project laterality, forming the middle cranial fossa, posterior walls of orbit, external walls of the skull
describe the lesser wings of the sphenoid
forms floor of anterior cranial fossa and part of the medial walls of orbits
describe the pterygoid processes
project inferiorly, form junction of the body and greater wings
describe the optic canals
anterior or sella turcina, allow optic nerves to pass to eyes.
describe superior orbital fissure
long slit between greater n lesser wings, allows cranial nerves to control eye movements
