chapter 1: the human body, an orientation Flashcards
list the levels of structural organization (6)
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- organ system level
- organismal level
what is an organ?
- made of at least 2 tissue types (usually 4)
describe organ level
where extremely complex functions become possible
ex: stomach
describe organ system level
organs that work together t accomplish a common purpose
ex: the heart and blood vessels in the cardiovascular system
describe organismal level
sum total of all levels working together to keep us alive
name the 11 organ systems
- integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive
what are the requirements for life (8)?
- maintaining boundaries
- movement
- responsiveness
- digestion
- metabolism
- excretion
- reproduction
- growth
what are the 5 of the bodys survival needs?
- oxygen
- water
- nutrients
- normal body temp
- appropriate atmospheric pressure
what is homeostasis
the bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions even when the external environment is changing
what is variable
factor or event being regulated
what is receptor
sensor that monitors environment
responds to stimuli by sending input to the control center
what is the control center
determines the set point, which is the level at which the variable is to be maintained
what is effector
carries out the control center responce
what is negative feedback mechanism
reduces the changes
causes variable to change in an opposite direction to the initial change
what is positive feedback mechanisms
enhances the original stimulus
goes in the same direction as the initial change
what are the two body cavities
dorsal and ventral
describe dorsal cavity
has 2 subdivision: cranial and vertebral
for protection
describe ventral cavity
2 subdivisions: thoracic and abdominalpelvic
the ventral body cavity houses the internalorgans collectively called the…
viscera
what is in the R hypochondriac region
gallbladder
liver
what is in the epigastric region
stomach
what is in the hypochondriac region
disphragm
sleep
what is in the R lateral lumbar region
ascending colon
what is in the umbilical region
transverse colon
what is in the L lateral lumbar region
descending colon
what is in R inguinal iliac region
cecum
appendix
what is in the pubic hypogastric region
urianary bladder
what is in the L inguinal iliac region
initial point of sigmoid colon
