chapter 1: the human body, an orientation Flashcards
list the levels of structural organization (6)
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- organ system level
- organismal level
what is an organ?
- made of at least 2 tissue types (usually 4)
describe organ level
where extremely complex functions become possible
ex: stomach
describe organ system level
organs that work together t accomplish a common purpose
ex: the heart and blood vessels in the cardiovascular system
describe organismal level
sum total of all levels working together to keep us alive
name the 11 organ systems
- integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive
what are the requirements for life (8)?
- maintaining boundaries
- movement
- responsiveness
- digestion
- metabolism
- excretion
- reproduction
- growth
what are the 5 of the bodys survival needs?
- oxygen
- water
- nutrients
- normal body temp
- appropriate atmospheric pressure
what is homeostasis
the bodys ability to maintain stable internal conditions even when the external environment is changing
what is variable
factor or event being regulated
what is receptor
sensor that monitors environment
responds to stimuli by sending input to the control center
what is the control center
determines the set point, which is the level at which the variable is to be maintained
what is effector
carries out the control center responce
what is negative feedback mechanism
reduces the changes
causes variable to change in an opposite direction to the initial change
what is positive feedback mechanisms
enhances the original stimulus
goes in the same direction as the initial change
