Chapter 7 - The Ear

Question 1

What is in the Outer Ear

Answer 1

Pinna and Auditory canal

Question 2

What is in the Middle Ear

Answer 2

Ear drum / Tympanic membrane
Ossicles x3 Bones called
Hammer/malleus
Anvil/Incus
Stirrup/Staples

Question 3

What brings pressure up to balance each side of the ear drum

Answer 3

Eustachian Tube

Question 4

What is in the Inner Ear

Answer 4

Cochlea - filled with fluid and when struck against by the stirrup will send electrical signal to the brain via Auditory nerve

Question 5

What can the ear hear and what is the most annoying sounds

Answer 5

20-20,000 hz

intermitted high pitch

Question 6

Noise induced hearing loss is usually temp or long term?

Answer 6

temp

Question 7

What Db cause Noise induced hearing loss

Answer 7

80-90db continuous for 8 hours + or

sudden 120 db

Question 8

What are the x3 factors involved with hearing loss

Answer 8

frequency
duration
intensity

Question 9

Conductive hearing loss is usually?

Answer 9

Permanent

Question 10

Causes x4 are

Answer 10

Damaged Ossicles
Damaged Cochlea
Excessive amount of wax
ruptured ear drum

Question 11

Presbycusis is?

Answer 11

Loss of hearing because of age

Question 12

Vestibular system is made up of

Answer 12

3 semi circular canals to sense pitch, roll and yaw

filled with liquid

Question 13

The vesicular system has two chambers called and used for which axis

Answer 13

Utricle - left, right, forward, back

Saccule - up/down

Question 14

The x3 semi circular canals detect?

Answer 14

Angular acceleration

Question 15

The utricle and saccule detect?

Answer 15

Linear acceleration

Question 16

Both travel up the vestibular nerve to the?

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

What are the vestibular illusions

Answer 17

That it only detects initial movement
only detects movement if the stimuli meets the sensory threshold
Assumes all linear acceleration through the body is gravity

Question 18

What is somatogravic illusion

Answer 18

Acceleration gives the illusion of pitch up

Deceleration gives the illusion of pitch down

Question 19

What is grave yard spin

Answer 19

When you think you’ve recovered a spin but you re-enter it

Question 20

what is spatial disorientation

Answer 20

When you have false perception of orientation of the aircraft with respect to spacial references - like flying in IFR

Question 21

Percent of Spatial Disorientation crashes are fatal?

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

Coriolis is

Answer 22

When we simultaneously stimulate two or more semi circles at the same time

Question 23

Vertigo is

Answer 23

Contradictory information is sent to the central system causes Neusa

Question 24

What does alcohol do the ear

Answer 24

lowers the specific gravity of liquid in the cochleas

Question 25

Counters against disorientation

Answer 25

Minimise head movements

check instruments regularly

Question 26

What is the somatogyral illusion

Answer 26

long gentle turns
prolonged
when straight and level you believe you are banking the other way