Chapter 4 - The Atmosphere Flashcards
What is Boyles Law?
As Volume increases Px goes down
Associated with Baro-truma
What is Charles Law?
As Temp increases so does Volume
What is Gay-Lussac Law?
As Temp increases so does Px
What do Boyles, Charles and Gay-Lussac give?
Combined Law which can be expressed;
PV/T = K
What is Daltons Law and associated effect?
Partial Px add up to P total
Hypoxia
What is Henry’s law and associated effect?
Amount of gas in liquid is proportional to the amount of Px
Decompression Sickness
What is Flicks Law and associated
Diffusion
effects the oxygen co2 exchange in the lungs
Give the two Humidity terms and their meaning
Absolute - the weight of water vapour in a volume g/kg at a given temperature
Relative - Expressed as a % amount of water vapour compared to the max it can hold
What are the Total Px heights for 25,50,75 and MSL
1 - 760 0 feet
75 - 543 8,000 feet
50 - 380 18,000 feet
75 - 187 36,000 feet
What happens at 10,000 feet in the lungs
The partial pressure drops to 50% at 55mmg2
If the Partial Px drops what else drops?
Haemoglobin saturation;
0 feet - 97.5%
FL10 - 87%
FL 20 - falls to 65%
What does the nose do for the breathing system?
Warms, moistens and filters to aid breathing
What does the diffusion around the Alveoli?
Capillaries
External Respiration in Lungs contains what?
Co2 and WV average 16 breaths/min
Internal Respiration in cells convert what and overall name?
Oxygen, glucose and other nutrients into energy = metabolisation
What are the waste products of metabolisation and what does it control
Co2 and water = Carbonic Acid which controls our breathing internally
What is tidal volume and figure
A normal breath 500ml
What is Inspiratory reserve and figure
Max breath IN 3100ml
What is Expiratory reserve and figure
Max breath OUT 1200ml
What is residual volume and figure
the remaining volume in the lungs with no air present - 1200ml
What is the total lung capacity and vital?
6000ml
Vital = tidal + In + Ex
Hypoxia give two types
Anaemic Hypoxia - In ability of the blood to carry 02
Hypoxic Hypoxia - Shortage of 02 to the body
Hypoxic Hypoxia Symptoms
Headaches, breathing & HR increase, Vision impaired, go pale, mood swings. Night vision really effected.
Symptoms different to Decompression are
Euforia
Cyanosis (Blue lips etc)
Actions if Symptoms are seen
Put on 100% Oxygen and descend
x3 Thresholds for Hypoxia are with effects
Reaction: Ground - FL70 = Night vision effected
Disturbance: FL70 - FL12 = Unable to maintain Homeostasis
Critical: FL12 - FL22 = Loss of consciousness
Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) Heights and Times
20,000 feet - 30 mins 5 mins if more active 30,000 feet - 1-2 mins 35,000 feet - 30-90 seconds 40,000 feet - 15-20 seconds Reduces by 50% if a smoker
Effective Performance Time (EPT) how does it compare to TUC? Especially 40,000 feet
Equal to or less than. 4-5 seconds
Hyperventilation?
Faster breath causes over saturation of 02 in blood. Blood becomes too Alkaline because of reduced Co2.
Causes - Stress, Shock, fear
Symptoms similar to Hypoxia
If below 14000 what should you treat for
Hypoxia
What is Decompression Sickness?
Px on the cells goes away allowing nitrogen bubbles to release
Give x4 Symptoms of Decompression sickness
Bends - Bubbles under joints
Creeps - Bubbles under the skin
Chokes - Bubbles in the lungs
Stagers - Bubbles in the brain
Limits for scuba diving and flying
minimum of 12 hours after
24 hours if over 30 feet dived
