Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Basic Components
Heart
Blood
Vessels
What can be done to help the body cool/heat
Vasodilate/ Expand blood vessels to aid cooling down
Vasconconstrict/ Constrict bloody vessels to aid heating up
x2 parts to Cardo system?
Pulmonary heart to lungs
Systemic heart to body
Explain Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
Arteries - oxygenised blood away from the heart at high Px, have thick walls
Veins - De-oxygenised blood to the heart at low Px, thinner walls and includes NON RETURN VALVES
Capillaries- responsible for diffusion/ transfer/ flicks
x 4 Blood Composition
Red Bloody Cells - carrying Oxygen, Glucose and other nutrients (Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin)
White Blood Cells - for immune system
Platelets - repairs damage ie scabs
Plasma - fluid that eases the flow and carries all of the above
Where is blood created?
In the bone marrow
Draw the heart and what is its alternative name?
Aortic pump
What wraps around the heart?
Coronary Arteries + Veins
What is the average Pulse Rate?
72 or 70-75
What is effects pulse rate?
CO2, Exercise, Adrenalin, Glucose
What is stroke volume and average
Amount of blood that can be pumped by the left ventricle
Average is 70ml
Cardic output is
Stroke rate x HR = Volume blood/per min
Average = 5.0-5.2L or 5040ml
What is Coronary Heart Disease? And pain is called
Cholesterol/ fatty deposits are blocking the artery + veins around the heart.
Pain is called - ANGINA
What is a heart attack / myocardial infraction?
Total blockage of a coronary artery which starves the muscles
Give the symptoms of a heart attack
Pale pain in chest / LHS Nausea / Vommiting Cold sweats / calmy Short of breath
Heart attacks in men are likely when
40 +
80% chance of survival if treated in good time
Give the causes in order of myocardial infraction
1 - Family history 2 - Smoking 3 Hypertension / high blood Px 4 - High blood cholesterol 5 - Lack of exercise 6 - Diabetes
What is Anaemia and major possible cause
Lack of iron in the body = less red blood cells
Haemorrhaging
signs; pale, short of breath.
How is Carbon Monoxide formed? What is dangerous about it? Especially in the blood?
Incomplete combustion of Carbon
No colour & Odourless
combines with haemoglobin 210-250 times more easily
Factors contributing to CO
Smoking
Altitude
Age
Obesity
Symptoms of CO
Headache, dizziness, nausea, lethargic, stomach pain, shortness of breath
Cherry Red Skin
Longer effects all usual. Overall Highly Toxic + the effects are cumulative.
What should you do if you see signs of CO
Oxygen on, descend, heaters off, vent air
x3 Harmful effects of Tobacco?
What is damage to the Alveoli called?
Tar
Nicotine
Carbon Monoxide
Emphysema
What do you called CO + Haemoglobin?
how much does it increase by if you smoke 20/day
Carboxyhemoglobin
7%
What does Blood Px depend on?
Elasticity of Arteries walls
Cardo output
How easily blood flows/ Peripheral resistance
Names of the two blood Px readings
Systolic Px on top 120 mg
Diastolic Px on bottom relaxed heart 80mg
Give the names for high and low blood pressure
Hypertension 140/90
Hypotension 90/60
Both can lead to loss of Class 1 medical
Hypertension causes and risks
Family history, smoking, age, obesity
Heart attacks, Heart disease, Angina, Aortic Aneurysm Burst Aorta
Hypotension and symtoms
Caused by shock, fear, time of day, diet, Haemoglobin
Tired, Lethargic, dizzy, pale, reduce tolerance to G-forces etc faint/syncope
Add more salt, compression socks to counter act
What does Pressorceptors/ Baroreceptors do?
Measure blood Px in the Carotid Sinus (neck) or known as upstream from the brain. Primary function to maintain Homeostasis.
What features happen during Hypertension
Blood vessels dilate/ relax, slow HR, Stroke volume reduces
Blood donation
Can cause shock, more prone to hypoxia
Medical advice from AME
Make sure you are lying down/ supine
must leave 24 hours before reporting for duty
