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ATPL - HPL > Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic Components

A

Heart
Blood
Vessels

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2
Q

What can be done to help the body cool/heat

A

Vasodilate/ Expand blood vessels to aid cooling down

Vasconconstrict/ Constrict bloody vessels to aid heating up

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3
Q

x2 parts to Cardo system?

A

Pulmonary heart to lungs

Systemic heart to body

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4
Q

Explain Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

A

Arteries - oxygenised blood away from the heart at high Px, have thick walls

Veins - De-oxygenised blood to the heart at low Px, thinner walls and includes NON RETURN VALVES

Capillaries- responsible for diffusion/ transfer/ flicks

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5
Q

x 4 Blood Composition

A

Red Bloody Cells - carrying Oxygen, Glucose and other nutrients (Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin)

White Blood Cells - for immune system

Platelets - repairs damage ie scabs

Plasma - fluid that eases the flow and carries all of the above

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6
Q

Where is blood created?

A

In the bone marrow

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7
Q

Draw the heart and what is its alternative name?

A

Aortic pump

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8
Q

What wraps around the heart?

A

Coronary Arteries + Veins

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9
Q

What is the average Pulse Rate?

A

72 or 70-75

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10
Q

What is effects pulse rate?

A

CO2, Exercise, Adrenalin, Glucose

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11
Q

What is stroke volume and average

A

Amount of blood that can be pumped by the left ventricle

Average is 70ml

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12
Q

Cardic output is

A

Stroke rate x HR = Volume blood/per min

Average = 5.0-5.2L or 5040ml

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13
Q

What is Coronary Heart Disease? And pain is called

A

Cholesterol/ fatty deposits are blocking the artery + veins around the heart.

Pain is called - ANGINA

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14
Q

What is a heart attack / myocardial infraction?

A

Total blockage of a coronary artery which starves the muscles

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15
Q

Give the symptoms of a heart attack

A 
Pale
pain in chest / LHS
Nausea / Vommiting
Cold sweats / calmy 
Short of breath
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16
Q

Heart attacks in men are likely when

A

40 +

80% chance of survival if treated in good time

17
Q

Give the causes in order of myocardial infraction

A 
1 - Family history 
2 - Smoking
3 Hypertension / high blood Px
4 - High blood cholesterol
5 - Lack of exercise
6 - Diabetes
18
Q

What is Anaemia and major possible cause

A

Lack of iron in the body = less red blood cells
Haemorrhaging
signs; pale, short of breath.

19
Q

How is Carbon Monoxide formed? What is dangerous about it? Especially in the blood?

A

Incomplete combustion of Carbon
No colour & Odourless
combines with haemoglobin 210-250 times more easily

20
Q

Factors contributing to CO

A

Smoking
Altitude
Age
Obesity

21
Q

Symptoms of CO

A

Headache, dizziness, nausea, lethargic, stomach pain, shortness of breath

Cherry Red Skin

Longer effects all usual. Overall Highly Toxic + the effects are cumulative.

22
Q

What should you do if you see signs of CO

A

Oxygen on, descend, heaters off, vent air

23
Q

x3 Harmful effects of Tobacco?

What is damage to the Alveoli called?

A

Tar
Nicotine
Carbon Monoxide

Emphysema

24
Q

What do you called CO + Haemoglobin?

how much does it increase by if you smoke 20/day

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

7%

25
Q

What does Blood Px depend on?

A

Elasticity of Arteries walls
Cardo output
How easily blood flows/ Peripheral resistance

26
Q

Names of the two blood Px readings

A

Systolic Px on top 120 mg
Diastolic Px on bottom relaxed heart 80mg

27
Q

Give the names for high and low blood pressure

A

Hypertension 140/90
Hypotension 90/60

Both can lead to loss of Class 1 medical

28
Q

Hypertension causes and risks

A

Family history, smoking, age, obesity

Heart attacks, Heart disease, Angina, Aortic Aneurysm Burst Aorta

29
Q

Hypotension and symtoms

A

Caused by shock, fear, time of day, diet, Haemoglobin

Tired, Lethargic, dizzy, pale, reduce tolerance to G-forces etc faint/syncope

Add more salt, compression socks to counter act

30
Q

What does Pressorceptors/ Baroreceptors do?

A

Measure blood Px in the Carotid Sinus (neck) or known as upstream from the brain. Primary function to maintain Homeostasis.

31
Q

What features happen during Hypertension

A

Blood vessels dilate/ relax, slow HR, Stroke volume reduces

32
Q

Blood donation

A

Can cause shock, more prone to hypoxia
Medical advice from AME
Make sure you are lying down/ supine

must leave 24 hours before reporting for duty

ATPL - HPL (16 decks)

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