Chapter 7 Test

Question 0

Voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination is provided by skeletal muscles that

Answer 0

Guard entrances and exits

Question 1

Highly coordinated activities such as swimming, skiing, or typing are examples of the skeletal muscle function of

Answer 1

Producing movement

Question 2

The functions of layers of skeletal muscles that compromise the abdominal wall and floor of the pelvic cavity is to

Answer 2

Support soft tissues

Question 3

Through continuous skeletal muscle contractions, the body is able to maintain ________ and _________

Answer 3

Body position and posture

Question 4

The three layers of connective tissues comprising each muscle are

Answer 4

Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Question 5

The dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the

Answer 5

Fascicle

Question 6

Bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles are surrounded by connective tissue fibers of the

Answer 6

Perimysium

Question 7

Tendons are bundles of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that

Answer 7

Attach muscle to bone

Question 8

The layer of connective that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

Answer 8

Perimysium

Question 9

The endomysium is the layer of connective tissue that

Answer 9

Surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber and ties adjacent muscle fibers together

Question 10

The thin filaments of a sarcomere consist of

Answer 10

Actin

Question 11

The thick filaments of a sarcomere consist of

Answer 11

Myosin

Question 12

The command to contract is distributed throughout a muscle fiber by the

Answer 12

Sarcomere

Question 13

A motor neuron initiates skeletal muscle contraction by first

Answer 13

Releasing acetylcholine into the neuromuscular junction

Question 14

The final result of muscle relaxation is that

Answer 14

The muscle returns passively to its resting length

Question 15

Active sites on the actin filaments become available for binding when

Answer 15

Calcium binds to troponin.

Question 16

In response to actin potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, calcium ions are released from the

Answer 16

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles that initiates an actin potential in the sarcolemma is

Answer 17

Acetylcholine

Question 18

A twitch is a

Answer 18

Single stimulus contraction relaxation sequence

Question 19

The process of recruitment is the smooth but steady increase in muscle tension produced by

Answer 19

Increasing the number of active motor units

Question 20

In an isotonic contraction the

Answer 20

Tension rises and the skeletal muscles length changes

Question 21

In an isometric contraction the

Answer 21

Tension produced never exceeds the resistance and the length of the muscle remains constant

Question 22

Resting tension in a skeletal muscle is called _________

Answer 22

Muscle tone

Question 23

A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in __________ tetanus

Answer 23

Incomplete

Question 24

Mitochondrial activities are relatively efficient but their rate of ATP generation is limited by the

Answer 24

Availability of oxygen

Question 25

When muscles are actively contracting the process requires large amounts of energy in the form of

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

The primary energy reserve in muscle tissue is

Answer 26

Creatine phosphate

Question 27

During anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 27

Lactic acid is produced

Question 28

When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted or lactic acid levels increase

Answer 28

Fatigue occurs

Question 29

A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

Answer 29

Aerobic respiration

Question 30

The amount of oxygen used in the recovery period to restore normal pre-exertion conditions is referred to as the

Answer 30

Oxygen debt

Question 31

Fast fibers are the type of muscle fibers that

Answer 31

Produce powerful contractions but fatigue rapidly

Question 32

Slow fibers are the type of muscle fibers that contain

Answer 32

An extensive network of capillaries, the red pigment myoglobin, a relatively large number of mitochondria

Question 33

In humans slow fibers are not found in the muscles of the

Answer 33

Eyes and hands

Question 34

What are 5 primary functions of the muscular system?

Answer 34

``` A. Produce movement of the skeleton B. Maintain posture and body position C. Support soft tissues D. Guard entrances and exits E. Maintain body temperature ```

Question 35

Name 3 layers of connective tissue found in a muscle and describe the location of each

Answer 35

A. Epimysium- exterior of muscle B. Perimysium- surrounds fascicles C. Endomysium- surrounds fibers

Question 36

Where are blood vessels and nerves found in the muscle?

Answer 36

They will penetrate through all 3 connective tissue layers

Question 37

Skeletal muscles are considered _____________ because we have control over their contractions

Answer 37

Voluntary muscle

Question 38

What muscles are involuntary?

Answer 38

Smooth and cardiac

Question 39

Name the muscle layers in order from the exterior to the interior and describe what is found in each layer

Answer 39

1. Muscle- group of muscle fascicles 2. Fascicle- bundle of muscle fibers 3. Fibers- repeating units of myofibrils 4. Myofibrils- bundles of filaments 5. Filaments- thick and thin filaments

Question 40

Name the two types of filaments and describe what type of molecules is found on each

Answer 40

1. Thick- myosin molecules | 2. Thin- actin molecules

Question 41

What is a sarcomere

Answer 41

Smallest function unit of muscle containing thick and thin filaments

Question 42

Describe the basic structure of a sarcomere

Answer 42

Myofibrils filled with thick and thin filaments

Question 43

Where would you expect to find the greatest amount of calcium in a resting skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 43

Sarcoplasm

Question 44

Skeletal muscles contract under the ____________ control

Answer 44

Nervous system

Question 45

The connection between the nervous system and the muscular system is called a ____________

Answer 45

Neuromuscular junction

Question 46

Acetylcholine ACH is ______________

Answer 46

Neurotransmitter

Question 47

The release of ACH from the axon terminal results in changes in the _________ that trigger the _________ of the muscle fiber

Answer 47

Sarcolemma, contraction

Question 48

What is the space called that is located between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma

Answer 48

Synaptic cleft

Question 49

The portion of the sarcolemma that contain receptors that bind ACH is called the

Answer 49

Motor end plate

Question 50

Calcium binds to _________ which leads to the exposure of the active site on ________ of the _______ filaments

Answer 50

Troponin, actin molecules, thin

Question 51

Once active sites are exposed the ______ heads bind to them forming ______

Answer 51

Myosin, cross bridges

Question 52

Stored energy in the ATP molecule is used to pivot the ______ head toward the _______ this activation is called the _________ releasing ADP

Answer 52

ATP, Myosin, M line, power stroke

Question 53

The link between the myosin head and the active sites breaks due to the binding of _______ the active site is now exposed is able to form another ________

Answer 53

ATP, cross bridges

Question 54

When a free myosin head splits ATP into ADP and P ____ is released and the myosin ________

Answer 54

Energy, recocks

Question 55

What is muscle fatigue

Answer 55

Exhaustion of energy reserves or decline of ph due to the release of lactic acid

Question 56

An intense burst of activity results in rising levels of _______ and lowers ph and the muscle can no longer function normally

Answer 56

Lactic acid

Question 57

What is oxygen debt

Answer 57

Loose of oxygen due to body's demand during exercise

Question 58

What is fast fibers

Answer 58

Fibers that can reach peak tension very quick after stimulation

Question 59

What is slow fibers

Answer 59

Fibers that take longer to reach peak tension after stimulation more blood vessels for prolonged oxygen

Question 60

Three types of muscles

Answer 60

Skeletal striated, cardiac striated, smooth striated