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Anatomy > CHAPTER 15 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

0
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

the maximum amount of air that can be moved into or out of the respiratory system

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1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle when at rest

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2
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximum amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs over and above the normal tidal volume

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3
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal expiration

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4
Q

What is residual volume?

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

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5
Q

what is the total lung capacity for healthy males

A

6000 mL

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6
Q

what is the total lung capacity for healthy females

A

4200 mL

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7
Q

air entering the body is filtered and warmed by what structure in the respiratory system?

A

nasal cavity

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8
Q

a chamber shared by the respiratory system and digestive system is the __________

A

pharynx

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9
Q

the glottis an opening between the ________ and the _________

A

pharynx, larynx

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10
Q

the muscular, elastic structure that folds back over the glottis, preventing entry of liquids or solid food into the respiratory tract is the ___________

A

epiglottis

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11
Q

airways that supply 1 lobe of a lung are called_________

A

lobar bronchi

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12
Q

the _________ is reinforced with C-shaped cartilage

A

trachea

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13
Q

the pitch of vocal sounds is controlled by changing the_______, length, and tension of the vocal cords

A

diameter

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14
Q

the actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are called _________

A

alveoli

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15
Q

the respiratory system contains ______ lung lobes, _____ on the right side and _____ on the left side

A

5,3,2

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16
Q

vocal cords are located in the _______

A

larynx

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17
Q

what is emphysema

A

a condition in which the air acs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged

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18
Q

what causes emphysema and what are the symptoms

A

tobacco smoke secondary smoke, dust, chemicals, or smoke used in the work place, air, and symptoms are tightness, fatigue and chronic cough

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19
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

an inherited disease involving a defect of the respiratory mucosa

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20
Q

what are the causes and the symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

caused by mucous and symptoms are clogged airways

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21
Q

what is carbon monoxide poisoning

A

the exhaust of cars and petroleum burning engines that contain carbon monoxide gas

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22
Q

what are the causes and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

caused by exhaust of automobiles and some symptoms are dizziness

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23
Q

what is tuberculosis

A

bacterial infection of the lungs

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24
Q

what are the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis

A

caused by bacteria and some symptoms are coughing, chest pain, fever, high sweats, fatigue, and weight loss

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25
Q

providing a large area for gas exchange between air and _____

A

circulating blood

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26
Q

moving air to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the ________

A

lungs

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27
Q

protecting the respiratory surfaces from _________ and temperature changes, and defending against invading _________

A

dehydration,pathogens

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28
Q

producing sounds permitting ______, singing, and other forms ofcommunication

A

speech

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29
Q

aiding the sense of ______ by the olfactory receptors in the ___________

A

smell, nasal cavity

30
Q

large airborne particles are the filtered by the

A

nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose

31
Q

creating turbulence in the air to trap small particles in mucus is the function of the

A

nasal conchae

32
Q

air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the _________

A

upper respiratory tract

33
Q

the conducting portion of the respiratory tract is lined with the ___________-

A

respiratory mucosa

34
Q

the ligaments in the larynx that are relatively inelastic and help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis are the

A

false vocal cords

35
Q

structures in the trachea that prevent its collapse or over expansion as pressure changes in the respiratory system are

A

c-shaped tracheal cartilages

36
Q

the hard palate seperates the

A

nasal cavity and the oral cavity

37
Q

the narrow opening through which inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx is the

A

glottis

38
Q

the cartilage that makes up most of the anterior and lateral surface of the larynx is the

A

thyroid cartilage

39
Q

the diameter of the trachea is adjusted by contractions of the trachealis muscle, which is under

A

autonomic control

40
Q

the order in which air passes through the structures is

A

primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

41
Q

the openings to the nostrils are the ________

A

external nares

42
Q

the portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the the external nose is the __________

A

vestibule

43
Q

the common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the ________

A

pharynx

44
Q

the openings to the Eustachian tube are located in the _________

A

nasopharynx

45
Q

the vocal cords are located in the ________

A

larynx

46
Q

the airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is _________

A

trachea

47
Q

secondary bronchi enter the _______

A

lungs

48
Q

structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are ________

A

primary bronchi

49
Q

he exchange surfaces of the lungs are the ________

A

alveoli

50
Q

the exchange surfaces of the lungs consist of unusually thin simple squamous __________

A

epithelium

51
Q

surface tension is reduced on the exchange surfaces due to an oily secretion called ____________

A

surfactant

52
Q

the lungs have the ability to tolerate large changes in volume because of the abundance of ___________

A

elastic fibers

53
Q

the medial margin of the left lung is indented at the _________

A

cardiac notch

54
Q

the right lung has _____ lobes and the left lung has _____ lobes

A

3,2

55
Q

each lung is lined by a serous membrane called the _______

A

pleura

56
Q

the outer surfaces of the lungs are covered by the ___________

A

visceral pleura

57
Q

the inner surface of the body wall is covered by the ________

A

parietal pleura

58
Q

the two pleural cavities are seperated by the __________

A

mediastinm

59
Q

the ___________ is made up of three layers: the squamous epithelial cells lining the alveoli, the endothelial cells lining an adjacent capillary, and the fused basement membranes lying between the alveolar and endothelial cells

A

respiratory membrane

60
Q

the diffusion of gases between interstitial fluid and the external environment is

A

external respiration

61
Q

the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by cells is

A

internal respiration

62
Q

external respiration involves

A

pulmonary ventilation, as diffusion, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

63
Q

breathing, which involves the physical movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract, is

A

pulmonary ventilation

64
Q

the process that prevents the buildup of carbon monoxide in the alveoli and ensures a continuous supply of oxygen that keeps pace with absorption by the bloodstream is

A

alveolar ventilation

65
Q

a necessary condition for normal gas exchange in the alveoli is

A

for the alveoli to contain surfactant

66
Q

the movement of air into and out of the lungs is primarily dependent on

A

pressure differences between the air in the atmosphere and air in the lungs

67
Q

during inspiration, an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity is accompanied by

A

increasing lung volume and decreasing pressure inside the lungs

68
Q

during expiration a _________ occurs

A

increase in pressure inside the lungs

69
Q

during exhalation, the diaphragm moves

A

upward and the ribs move downward

70
Q

the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the respiratory system in a single respiratory cycle is the

A

vital capacity

71
Q

the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single quiet breathing respiratory cycle is the

A

tidal volume

72
Q

when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, the

A

volume of the thorax increases

Anatomy (12 decks)

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