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Anatomy > CHAPTER 15 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

0
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

the maximum amount of air that can be moved into or out of the respiratory system

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1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during a single respiratory cycle when at rest

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2
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximum amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs over and above the normal tidal volume

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3
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

the maximal volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal expiration

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4
Q

What is residual volume?

A

the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiratory effort

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5
Q

what is the total lung capacity for healthy males

A

6000 mL

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6
Q

what is the total lung capacity for healthy females

A

4200 mL

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7
Q

air entering the body is filtered and warmed by what structure in the respiratory system?

A

nasal cavity

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8
Q

a chamber shared by the respiratory system and digestive system is the __________

A

pharynx

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9
Q

the glottis an opening between the ________ and the _________

A

pharynx, larynx

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10
Q

the muscular, elastic structure that folds back over the glottis, preventing entry of liquids or solid food into the respiratory tract is the ___________

A

epiglottis

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11
Q

airways that supply 1 lobe of a lung are called_________

A

lobar bronchi

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12
Q

the _________ is reinforced with C-shaped cartilage

A

trachea

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13
Q

the pitch of vocal sounds is controlled by changing the_______, length, and tension of the vocal cords

A

diameter

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14
Q

the actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are called _________

A

alveoli

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15
Q

the respiratory system contains ______ lung lobes, _____ on the right side and _____ on the left side

A

5,3,2

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16
Q

vocal cords are located in the _______

A

larynx

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17
Q

what is emphysema

A

a condition in which the air acs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged

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18
Q

what causes emphysema and what are the symptoms

A

tobacco smoke secondary smoke, dust, chemicals, or smoke used in the work place, air, and symptoms are tightness, fatigue and chronic cough

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19
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

an inherited disease involving a defect of the respiratory mucosa

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20
Q

what are the causes and the symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

caused by mucous and symptoms are clogged airways

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21
Q

what is carbon monoxide poisoning

A

the exhaust of cars and petroleum burning engines that contain carbon monoxide gas

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22
Q

what are the causes and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

caused by exhaust of automobiles and some symptoms are dizziness

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23
Q

what is tuberculosis

A

bacterial infection of the lungs

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24
what are the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis
caused by bacteria and some symptoms are coughing, chest pain, fever, high sweats, fatigue, and weight loss
25
providing a large area for gas exchange between air and _____
circulating blood
26
moving air to and from the gas exchange surfaces of the ________
lungs
27
protecting the respiratory surfaces from _________ and temperature changes, and defending against invading _________
dehydration,pathogens
28
producing sounds permitting ______, singing, and other forms ofcommunication
speech
29
aiding the sense of ______ by the olfactory receptors in the ___________
smell, nasal cavity
30
large airborne particles are the filtered by the
nasal hairs in the vestibule of the nose
31
creating turbulence in the air to trap small particles in mucus is the function of the
nasal conchae
32
air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the _________
upper respiratory tract
33
the conducting portion of the respiratory tract is lined with the ___________-
respiratory mucosa
34
the ligaments in the larynx that are relatively inelastic and help prevent foreign objects from entering the glottis are the
false vocal cords
35
structures in the trachea that prevent its collapse or over expansion as pressure changes in the respiratory system are
c-shaped tracheal cartilages
36
the hard palate seperates the
nasal cavity and the oral cavity
37
the narrow opening through which inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx is the
glottis
38
the cartilage that makes up most of the anterior and lateral surface of the larynx is the
thyroid cartilage
39
the diameter of the trachea is adjusted by contractions of the trachealis muscle, which is under
autonomic control
40
the order in which air passes through the structures is
primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
41
the openings to the nostrils are the ________
external nares
42
the portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the the external nose is the __________
vestibule
43
the common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the ________
pharynx
44
the openings to the Eustachian tube are located in the _________
nasopharynx
45
the vocal cords are located in the ________
larynx
46
the airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is _________
trachea
47
secondary bronchi enter the _______
lungs
48
structures formed by the branching of the trachea within the mediastinum are ________
primary bronchi
49
he exchange surfaces of the lungs are the ________
alveoli
50
the exchange surfaces of the lungs consist of unusually thin simple squamous __________
epithelium
51
surface tension is reduced on the exchange surfaces due to an oily secretion called ____________
surfactant
52
the lungs have the ability to tolerate large changes in volume because of the abundance of ___________
elastic fibers
53
the medial margin of the left lung is indented at the _________
cardiac notch
54
the right lung has _____ lobes and the left lung has _____ lobes
3,2
55
each lung is lined by a serous membrane called the _______
pleura
56
the outer surfaces of the lungs are covered by the ___________
visceral pleura
57
the inner surface of the body wall is covered by the ________
parietal pleura
58
the two pleural cavities are seperated by the __________
mediastinm
59
the ___________ is made up of three layers: the squamous epithelial cells lining the alveoli, the endothelial cells lining an adjacent capillary, and the fused basement membranes lying between the alveolar and endothelial cells
respiratory membrane
60
the diffusion of gases between interstitial fluid and the external environment is
external respiration
61
the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by cells is
internal respiration
62
external respiration involves
pulmonary ventilation, as diffusion, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
63
breathing, which involves the physical movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract, is
pulmonary ventilation
64
the process that prevents the buildup of carbon monoxide in the alveoli and ensures a continuous supply of oxygen that keeps pace with absorption by the bloodstream is
alveolar ventilation
65
a necessary condition for normal gas exchange in the alveoli is
for the alveoli to contain surfactant
66
the movement of air into and out of the lungs is primarily dependent on
pressure differences between the air in the atmosphere and air in the lungs
67
during inspiration, an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity is accompanied by
increasing lung volume and decreasing pressure inside the lungs
68
during expiration a _________ occurs
increase in pressure inside the lungs
69
during exhalation, the diaphragm moves
upward and the ribs move downward
70
the maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the respiratory system in a single respiratory cycle is the
vital capacity
71
the amount of air moved into or out of the lungs in a single quiet breathing respiratory cycle is the
tidal volume
72
when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, the
volume of the thorax increases

Anatomy (12 decks)

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