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Anatomy > chapter 16 > Flashcards

chapter 16 Flashcards

0
Q

name 3 cells found in the stomach and state what each cell secretes

A

parietal cells- HCL
cheif cells- protein
g cells- gastrin

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1
Q

Gastric juices are found in the stomach. Gastric juices chemically digest______

A

proteins

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2
Q

name 3 sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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3
Q

name 4 age related changes that effect the digestion system

A

epithelial cell can be damaged, smooth muscle tone decreases, dehydration is common, and other systems affect negatively the digestive system

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4
Q

fat soluble vitamins enter the duodenum as_________

A

fat droplets

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5
Q

what are the 3 functions of the large intestine

A

reabsorption of water, absorption of vitamins, stores fecal material

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6
Q

what chemical does the liver make

A

bile

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7
Q

where is bile stored until needed

A

liver

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8
Q

name 4 enzymes secreted by the large intestine

A

amylase, lipase, nuctease, and protease

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9
Q

where does most of digestion occur

A

jejunum

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10
Q

which of the following organs are not apart of the digestive system

A

spleen

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11
Q

of the following groups of structures, the one that contains only accessory structure is

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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12
Q

the digestive tube between the pharynx and the stomach is the

A

esophagus

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13
Q

the correct sequence of a food particle moving through the digestive tract is

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

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14
Q

the physical manipulation of solid foods by the tongue and teeth and the swirling and mixing motions of the digestive tract is called

A

mechanical processing

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15
Q

the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is

A

digestion

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16
Q

the release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffer by the digestive tract and accesory organs is __________

A

secretion

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17
Q

the movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitium is ________

A

absorption

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18
Q

the elimination of waste products from the body is_______

A

excretion

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19
Q

where mechanical stresses are most severe, such as in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anus, the digestive tract is lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called

A

peristalsis

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21
Q

in the small, fingerlike projections called villi are formed by the mucosa and serve to

A

increase the area for absorption

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22
Q

the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and a network of nerve fibers, sensory neurons, and parasympathetic motor neurons is the

A

submucosa

23
Q

the layer of the intestinal wall that contracts and changes the shape of the intestinal lumen to move food along its length is the

A

muscularis externa

24
Q

double sheets of serous membrane composed of the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum are called the

A

mesenteries

25
Q

most of the digestive tract is lined by

A

simple columnar epithelium

26
Q

regional movements that occur in small intestine and function to churn and fragment the digestive materials are called

A

segmentation

27
Q

the function of the oral cavity include

A

the initial digestion of lipids and carbohydrates, mechanical processing of food, and lubrication and elevation of material before swallowing

28
Q

functions of the tongue include

A

mechanical processing of the food, manipulation of food, and sensory analysis of food

29
Q

secretions of the salivary glands

A

help control bacterial populations in the mouth

30
Q

food is initially ground and torn into smaller pieces by the teeth. Typically adults have

A

8 incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids, 12 molars

31
Q

salivary amylase is an enzyme, produced and released by the salivary glands, that partially digests

A

carbohydrates

32
Q

blade shaped teeth that function in cutting or chopping are

A

incisors

33
Q

pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding are

A

cuspids

34
Q

teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for grinding are

A

molars

35
Q

the gland that empties into the upper regions of theoral cavity is the

A

salivary glands

36
Q

the dangling structure at the posterior midregion of the soft palate is the

A

uvula

37
Q

during the swallowing process, the ________ closes off the _______

A

epiglottis, trachea

38
Q

the esophagus enters the abdominopelvic cavity through an opening in the diaphragm called the

A

esophageal sphincter

39
Q

once a bolus of food has entered the laryngopharynx, swallowing continues involontarily due to the

A

swallowing reflex

40
Q

the proper sequence of following involves three sequential phases consisting of the

A

buccal phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase

41
Q

during swallowing, the

A

soft palate, larynx elevates, and epiglottis closes

42
Q

of the following selections, the one that is not a function of the stomach is

A

absorption of nutrients

43
Q

the greater omentum is

A

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

44
Q

gastric pits are

A

pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells

45
Q

parietal cells secrete ______ and _______

A

HCL, intrinsic factor

46
Q

chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

47
Q

he portion of the stomach that connects to the esophagus is the

A

cardia

48
Q

the bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach superior to the esophageal junction is the

A

fundus

49
Q

the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine is the

A

duodenum

50
Q

the prominent ridges and folds in the lining of the stomach are called

A

rugae

51
Q

the enzyme pepsin is involved in the digestion of

A

proteins

52
Q

the production of acid and enzymes by the stomach mucosa is regulated by

A

digestive tract hormones, reflexes in the wall of the digestive tract, and the central nervous system

53
Q

the three divisions of the small intestine are

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

54
Q

in the small intestine, immediate acceleration of glandular secretions and peristaltic activity in all intestinal segments is initiated by the

A

gastroenteric reflex

55
Q

the bulk of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream occurs in the

A

jejunum

56
Q

in order for digested nutrients to leave the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, the nutrients must be absorbed by the

A

villi

Anatomy (12 decks)

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