chapter 16

Question 0

name 3 cells found in the stomach and state what each cell secretes

Answer 0

parietal cells- HCL
cheif cells- protein
g cells- gastrin

Question 1

Gastric juices are found in the stomach. Gastric juices chemically digest______

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

name 3 sections of the small intestine

Answer 2

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 3

name 4 age related changes that effect the digestion system

Answer 3

epithelial cell can be damaged, smooth muscle tone decreases, dehydration is common, and other systems affect negatively the digestive system

Question 4

fat soluble vitamins enter the duodenum as_________

Answer 4

fat droplets

Question 5

what are the 3 functions of the large intestine

Answer 5

reabsorption of water, absorption of vitamins, stores fecal material

Question 6

what chemical does the liver make

Answer 6

bile

Question 7

where is bile stored until needed

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

name 4 enzymes secreted by the large intestine

Answer 8

amylase, lipase, nuctease, and protease

Question 9

where does most of digestion occur

Answer 9

jejunum

Question 10

which of the following organs are not apart of the digestive system

Answer 10

spleen

Question 11

of the following groups of structures, the one that contains only accessory structure is

Answer 11

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Question 12

the digestive tube between the pharynx and the stomach is the

Answer 12

esophagus

Question 13

the correct sequence of a food particle moving through the digestive tract is

Answer 13

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 14

the physical manipulation of solid foods by the tongue and teeth and the swirling and mixing motions of the digestive tract is called

Answer 14

mechanical processing

Question 15

the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is

Answer 15

digestion

Question 16

the release of water, acids, enzymes, and buffer by the digestive tract and accesory organs is __________

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

the movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, and water across the digestive epithelium and into the interstitium is ________

Answer 17

absorption

Question 18

the elimination of waste products from the body is_______

Answer 18

excretion

Question 19

where mechanical stresses are most severe, such as in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and anus, the digestive tract is lined by

Answer 19

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 20

waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called

Answer 20

peristalsis

Question 21

in the small, fingerlike projections called villi are formed by the mucosa and serve to

Answer 21

increase the area for absorption

Question 22

the layer of dense irregular connective tissue that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and a network of nerve fibers, sensory neurons, and parasympathetic motor neurons is the

Answer 22

submucosa

Question 23

the layer of the intestinal wall that contracts and changes the shape of the intestinal lumen to move food along its length is the

Answer 23

muscularis externa

Question 24

double sheets of serous membrane composed of the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum are called the

Answer 24

mesenteries

Question 25

most of the digestive tract is lined by

Answer 25

simple columnar epithelium

Question 26

regional movements that occur in small intestine and function to churn and fragment the digestive materials are called

Answer 26

segmentation

Question 27

the function of the oral cavity include

Answer 27

the initial digestion of lipids and carbohydrates, mechanical processing of food, and lubrication and elevation of material before swallowing

Question 28

functions of the tongue include

Answer 28

mechanical processing of the food, manipulation of food, and sensory analysis of food

Question 29

secretions of the salivary glands

Answer 29

help control bacterial populations in the mouth

Question 30

food is initially ground and torn into smaller pieces by the teeth. Typically adults have

Answer 30

8 incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids, 12 molars

Question 31

salivary amylase is an enzyme, produced and released by the salivary glands, that partially digests

Answer 31

carbohydrates

Question 32

blade shaped teeth that function in cutting or chopping are

Answer 32

incisors

Question 33

pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding are

Answer 33

cuspids

Question 34

teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for grinding are

Answer 34

molars

Question 35

the gland that empties into the upper regions of theoral cavity is the

Answer 35

salivary glands

Question 36

the dangling structure at the posterior midregion of the soft palate is the

Answer 36

uvula

Question 37

during the swallowing process, the ________ closes off the _______

Answer 37

epiglottis, trachea

Question 38

the esophagus enters the abdominopelvic cavity through an opening in the diaphragm called the

Answer 38

esophageal sphincter

Question 39

once a bolus of food has entered the laryngopharynx, swallowing continues involontarily due to the

Answer 39

swallowing reflex

Question 40

the proper sequence of following involves three sequential phases consisting of the

Answer 40

buccal phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase

Question 41

during swallowing, the

Answer 41

soft palate, larynx elevates, and epiglottis closes

Question 42

of the following selections, the one that is not a function of the stomach is

Answer 42

absorption of nutrients

Question 43

the greater omentum is

Answer 43

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

Question 44

gastric pits are

Answer 44

pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells

Question 45

parietal cells secrete ______ and _______

Answer 45

HCL, intrinsic factor

Question 46

chief cells secrete

Answer 46

pepsinogen

Question 47

he portion of the stomach that connects to the esophagus is the

Answer 47

cardia

Question 48

the bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach superior to the esophageal junction is the

Answer 48

fundus

Question 49

the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine is the

Answer 49

duodenum

Question 50

the prominent ridges and folds in the lining of the stomach are called

Answer 50

rugae

Question 51

the enzyme pepsin is involved in the digestion of

Answer 51

proteins

Question 52

the production of acid and enzymes by the stomach mucosa is regulated by

Answer 52

digestive tract hormones, reflexes in the wall of the digestive tract, and the central nervous system

Question 53

the three divisions of the small intestine are

Answer 53

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 54

in the small intestine, immediate acceleration of glandular secretions and peristaltic activity in all intestinal segments is initiated by the

Answer 54

gastroenteric reflex

Question 55

the bulk of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream occurs in the

Answer 55

jejunum

Question 56

in order for digested nutrients to leave the small intestine and enter the bloodstream, the nutrients must be absorbed by the

Answer 56

villi