Chapter 7 Test Flashcards
Why must cells control materials?
They need nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and lipids to function. However, too much of of ANY of these nutrients (especially ions) are harmful to the cell
What is the cell theory?
- All organisms are made of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms
- All cells come from pre existing cells
What is the electron microscope?
Invented in 1930’s-1940’s and used a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times their actual size allowing scientist to see inside a cell
What are the 2 basic cell types?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What are Prokaryotes? (also, what’s an example)
Unicellular organisms that do not have membrane-bound organisms. Has a nucleus, mitochondria, Nucleolus, and Ribosomes. Ex: Bacteria
What are Eukaryotes? And what do they contain?
Multicellular organisms. Ex: Protists, Fungi, Animals, and Plants. Contains Nucleoid, capsule, flagellum, cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes.
Why is it important that living cells maintain a balance?
Because their survival depends on the cells ability to maintain the proper conditions within itself. They must maintain a balance regardless of internal and external conditions.
How is the plasma membrane structured?
It’s composed of a phospholipid biolayer, which has 2 layers of phospholipids back to back.
What is the phospholipid biolayer?
When two fatty acid tails of the phospholipid are nonpolar, and the head of the phospholipid molecule containing phosphates are polar.
What are the other components of plasma membranes?
-Cholesterol
-Transport Proteins
-Lipids
-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
What are cellular boundaries (list examples)?
It separates and delineates the intracellular space from the extracellular space in cells. Examples: Plant cells, fungi, bacteria, and some protists
What does a cell wall do?
Forms an inflexible barrier that protects the cell and gives it support, allowing molecules to enter
What does the nucleus do?
-It is the leader of the eukaryotic cell and all other cells.
-It contains the materials to make proteins.
How are proteins assembled, transported, and stored?
They are first directed to the nucleus. Then they are passed into the cytoplasm. Finally they are suspended into the cells organisms
What are vacuoles and how do they store things?
They are membrane bound compartments that cells have. They store food, enzymes, and other materials made by a cell (some store waste products).
What are lysosomes and how do they recycle things?
They are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They recycle by digesting excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
Why is energy important in transformations
Because cell members require A LOT of energy. Protein, Production, Modification, Transformation, and digestion all require energy
What things provide cells with energy?
-Chloroplasts
-Organelles
- Mitochondria
What are chloroplasts? (also how does energy relate to it)
They are cell organelles that capture light energy and converts it into chemical energy. This occurs within the Thylakoid membranes when the energy from the sunlight is trapped
What is a mitochondria?(also how does energy relate to it)
It is a membrane bound organelle in plant and animal cells that transform energy for the cell. This energy is stored in the bonds of other molecules that cell organelles can access quickly when energy is needed.
What support do organelles have?
The cells in an organelles have a support called cytoskeleton within the cytoplasm.
What is cytoskeleton?
The framework for a cell (almost acts like a skeleton) that always changes structure and can be dismantled in one place and reassembled in elsewhere, changing the cells structure.
What are centrioles
-Organelles found in the cells of animals and most protists
-They occur in pairs that are made up by microtubes
-They play a role in cell division
What is Cilia?
Short numerous projections that looks like hairs.
