Chapter 7-8.1 Test

Question 1

What does Pinocytosis mean?

Answer 1

FLUIDS are “gulped” by a cell into tiny vesicles

Question 2

What does Phagocytosis mean?

Answer 2

Cells eat (engulfs) a particle in a vacuole by binding itself to it

Question 3

What is endocytosis

Answer 3

Cells take in substances by ingulfing them in a VESICLE

Question 4

What is exocytosis

Answer 4

Cells get rid of wastes and large molecules in the form of vesicles

Question 5

How does Bulk Transport affect small molecules

Answer 5

Small molecules leave the cell through the lipid bilayer or transport proteins

Question 6

How does Bulk Transport affect large molecules

Answer 6

Large molecules (like polysaccharides and proteins) leave the membrane through vesicles

Question 7

What happens to plant cells when they are placed in hypotonic solutions

Answer 7

They become lysed (turgid)

Question 8

What happens to plant cells when they are placed in isotonic solutions

Answer 8

They stay normal (flaccid)

Question 9

What happens to plant cells when they are placed in hypertonic solutions

Answer 9

They shrivel (plasmolyze)

Question 10

Describe osmosis

Answer 10

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (low-high)

Question 11

What are the 3 types of tonic solutions?

Answer 11

-Isotonic
-Hypertonic
-Hypotonic

Question 12

Describe Isotonic Solutions

Answer 12

The concentration of the outside and inside of the cell is equal

Question 13

Describe Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 13

The outside of the cell has MORE concentration than the inside of the cell

Question 14

Describe Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 14

The outside of the cell has LESS concentration than the inside of the cell

Question 15

Describe Tonicity

Answer 15

Def: Ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Question 16

Describe Active Transport

Answer 16

A cell moves to an area that contains more cells, because of this it REQUIRES ATP!!!! (energy)

Question 17

Describe Passive Transport

Answer 17

A cell doesn’t have to use ATP when moving from one area to another because the other side doesn’t have as many cells

Question 18

Describe facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

When cells are given assistance when going into the membrane

Question 19

Describe how cholesterol helps membranes (temperature)

Answer 19

Warm Temp- Cholesterol restrains movement of phospholipids
Cooler Temp- Cholesterol maintains fluidity
(Cholesterol keeps movement or restrains movement)

Question 20

Describe cell membrane in structure and function

Answer 20

a double layer of phospholipids with proteins interspersed randomly
A barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, water, waste, and nutrients.

Question 21

Describe Carrier Proteins

Answer 21

Transport proteins that binds itself to molecules and changes shape to shuttle them across the membrane

Question 22

Describe what a vacuole is and what it does

Answer 22

Def: Storage Organelles
Contains food, waste, water and enzymes

Question 23

Describe flagella and what they do

Answer 23

One large hair like structure that moves in a whip like motion and helps the cell itself move

Question 24

Explain what a chloroplast is, where you find it, and what it does

Answer 24

Is: Plastid
Found: Plant Cells
Does: Captures light energy and converts it

Question 25

Describe a lysosome and why it is important

Answer 25

Lysosomes are digestive compartments. They’re important because they digest things

Question 26

What are cilia, what do they do

Answer 26

They are small hairs that catch particles, like dust and debris

Question 27

What do mitochondria do

Answer 27

Generate ATP

Question 28

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Answer 28

It is the shipping and receiving center

Question 29

What does Rough ER do

Answer 29

Releases proteins

Question 30

What does Smooth ER do

Answer 30

Detoxifies poisons
Stores calcium
Forms glucose

Question 31

What do ribosomes make

Answer 31

Proteins

Question 32

What’s the difference between cytosol ribosomes and outside endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes

Answer 32

Cytosol= Free ribosomes
Outside= bound ribosomes

Question 33

What the purpose of having 2 types of electron microscopes

Answer 33

scanning electron: Scans surface of cell to get 3D dimension
transmission electron: Scans the deeper structure of cells

Question 34

What are the 3 ideas of cell theory

Answer 34

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Cells are the basic unit structure and organization of organisms

Question 35

Who made the first microscope

Answer 35

Anton Van Lee Wenhoes

Question 36

What is the order of the invention of microscopes

Answer 36

1. Light microscope
2. Compound light microscope
3. Electron Microscope
4. Scanning electron microscope
5. Transmission electron microscope