Chapter 7-8.1 Test Flashcards
What does Pinocytosis mean?
FLUIDS are “gulped” by a cell into tiny vesicles
What does Phagocytosis mean?
Cells eat (engulfs) a particle in a vacuole by binding itself to it
What is endocytosis
Cells take in substances by ingulfing them in a VESICLE
What is exocytosis
Cells get rid of wastes and large molecules in the form of vesicles
How does Bulk Transport affect small molecules
Small molecules leave the cell through the lipid bilayer or transport proteins
How does Bulk Transport affect large molecules
Large molecules (like polysaccharides and proteins) leave the membrane through vesicles
What happens to plant cells when they are placed in hypotonic solutions
They become lysed (turgid)
What happens to plant cells when they are placed in isotonic solutions
They stay normal (flaccid)
What happens to plant cells when they are placed in hypertonic solutions
They shrivel (plasmolyze)
Describe osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (low-high)
What are the 3 types of tonic solutions?
-Isotonic
-Hypertonic
-Hypotonic
Describe Isotonic Solutions
The concentration of the outside and inside of the cell is equal
Describe Hypertonic Solutions
The outside of the cell has MORE concentration than the inside of the cell
Describe Hypotonic Solutions
The outside of the cell has LESS concentration than the inside of the cell
Describe Tonicity
Def: Ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Describe Active Transport
A cell moves to an area that contains more cells, because of this it REQUIRES ATP!!!! (energy)
Describe Passive Transport
A cell doesn’t have to use ATP when moving from one area to another because the other side doesn’t have as many cells
Describe facilitated diffusion
When cells are given assistance when going into the membrane
Describe how cholesterol helps membranes (temperature)
Warm Temp- Cholesterol restrains movement of phospholipids
Cooler Temp- Cholesterol maintains fluidity
(Cholesterol keeps movement or restrains movement)
Describe cell membrane in structure and function
a double layer of phospholipids with proteins interspersed randomly
A barrier that allows the passage of oxygen, water, waste, and nutrients.
Describe Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that binds itself to molecules and changes shape to shuttle them across the membrane
Describe what a vacuole is and what it does
Def: Storage Organelles
Contains food, waste, water and enzymes
Describe flagella and what they do
One large hair like structure that moves in a whip like motion and helps the cell itself move
Explain what a chloroplast is, where you find it, and what it does
Is: Plastid
Found: Plant Cells
Does: Captures light energy and converts it
