Chapter 7 - TCP/IP Basics Flashcards
Define Protocol Suite
a set of rules for developers/manufacturers to follow
Define Protocol Stack
Software on a system that enables a specific protocol suite to function
Define Internet Control Message Protocol and its purpose.
Features are called automatically by applications as needed without the user knowing. i.e. Ping utility used ICMP.
How many fields does a full IP packet have
14
How is a simple IP header constructed
Ver - defines IP address; 4/IPV4, 6/IPV6
Header length: size of IP portion (32 bits)
DSCP - Differentiated services code point; contains data for bandwidth sensitive application; type of service
TTL - Time to Live; max 255, avg 128; counts each loop through the router
TCP/UDP - identifies what is inside.
What does TCP require
Process of ACK/NACK Both the sending & receiving machine need to acknowledge each others presence and readiness to send and receive data. Also chops data into segments
How does a client know where to return the data
The client remembers the source port number to assign it to the proper application
Give example of a TCP/UDP header
Source Port
Destination Port
Sequence Number
ACK
What is the purpose of the Sequence/ACK numbers
To keep track of various pieces of data moving in and out
Why do we use flags
Give individual bits detailed information about the connection
Why do we use a checksum
checks the TCP header for errors
What are two important protocols that use UDP
Domain Name System
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Describe a UDP header
Source Port
Destination Port
Length
checksum`
Where does TCP chop up the data
Transport Layer; UDP only gets a header at this stage
What does a computer interpret a IP address as
32 Bit binary address
What is another name for a router
Default Gateway
Why do we use network IDs
to connect to multiple LANs
What is required when sending data to another computer
MAC address
What is a subnet mask
a string of ones and zeroes always totalling 32 bits
How do you pick out the host ID in a subnet mask
Line up a IP address and a subnet mask. The portion that aligns with the ones of the Subnet mask is the network ID.
- 168.5.23 -> 11000000.10101000.00000101.00010111
- 255.255.0 -> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Network: 11000000.10101000.00000101.x
Host: x.x.x.00010111
What is the first step to sending data out
The computer compares the destination IP to its own address using the subnet mask.
Define Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
How a TCP/IP network figures out the MAC address based on the destination IP address
What does an ARP frame look like
Hardware type Protocol type Hardware length Protocol length Operatjon Sender hardware address Sender protocol address Target hardware address Target protocol address
How is the shorthand of a MAC address used
Using a /# (i.e. /24) to indicate the number of ones.
