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Network+ Certification > Chapter 7 - TCP/IP Basics > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - TCP/IP Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Define Protocol Suite

A

a set of rules for developers/manufacturers to follow

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2
Q

Define Protocol Stack

A

Software on a system that enables a specific protocol suite to function

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3
Q

Define Internet Control Message Protocol and its purpose.

A

Features are called automatically by applications as needed without the user knowing. i.e. Ping utility used ICMP.

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4
Q

How many fields does a full IP packet have

A

14

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5
Q

How is a simple IP header constructed

A

Ver - defines IP address; 4/IPV4, 6/IPV6
Header length: size of IP portion (32 bits)
DSCP - Differentiated services code point; contains data for bandwidth sensitive application; type of service
TTL - Time to Live; max 255, avg 128; counts each loop through the router
TCP/UDP - identifies what is inside.

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6
Q

What does TCP require

A

Process of ACK/NACK Both the sending & receiving machine need to acknowledge each others presence and readiness to send and receive data. Also chops data into segments

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7
Q

How does a client know where to return the data

A

The client remembers the source port number to assign it to the proper application

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8
Q

Give example of a TCP/UDP header

A

Source Port
Destination Port
Sequence Number
ACK

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the Sequence/ACK numbers

A

To keep track of various pieces of data moving in and out

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10
Q

Why do we use flags

A

Give individual bits detailed information about the connection

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11
Q

Why do we use a checksum

A

checks the TCP header for errors

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12
Q

What are two important protocols that use UDP

A

Domain Name System

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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13
Q

Describe a UDP header

A

Source Port
Destination Port
Length
checksum`

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14
Q

Where does TCP chop up the data

A

Transport Layer; UDP only gets a header at this stage

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15
Q

What does a computer interpret a IP address as

A

32 Bit binary address

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16
Q

What is another name for a router

A

Default Gateway

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17
Q

Why do we use network IDs

A

to connect to multiple LANs

18
Q

What is required when sending data to another computer

A

MAC address

19
Q

What is a subnet mask

A

a string of ones and zeroes always totalling 32 bits

20
Q

How do you pick out the host ID in a subnet mask

A

Line up a IP address and a subnet mask. The portion that aligns with the ones of the Subnet mask is the network ID.

  1. 168.5.23 -> 11000000.10101000.00000101.00010111
  2. 255.255.0 -> 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Network: 11000000.10101000.00000101.x
Host: x.x.x.00010111

21
Q

What is the first step to sending data out

A

The computer compares the destination IP to its own address using the subnet mask.

22
Q

Define Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A

How a TCP/IP network figures out the MAC address based on the destination IP address

23
Q

What does an ARP frame look like

A 
Hardware type
Protocol type
Hardware length
Protocol length
Operatjon
Sender hardware address
Sender protocol address
Target hardware address
Target protocol address
24
Q

How is the shorthand of a MAC address used

A

Using a /# (i.e. /24) to indicate the number of ones.

25
Q

What purpose does IANA have

A

Formed to track and disperse IP addresses to those who need them. They hand out contiguous chunks called network blocks

26
Q

What is the range of a Class A address

A

1.0.0.0 - > 126.255.255.255

16,277,214 Hosts / ID

27
Q

What is the range of a Class B address

A

128.0.0.0 - > 191.255.255.255

64, 534 Hosts / ID

28
Q

What is the range of a Class C address

A

192.0.0.0 - > 223.255.255.255

254 Hosts / ID

29
Q

What is the range of a Class D address

A

224.0.0.0 - > 239.255.255.255

Multicast

30
Q

What is the range of a Class E address

A

240.0.0.0 - > 254.255.255.255

Experimental

31
Q

What are the three ways to send a packet

A

Broadcast: every computer hears
Unicast: one to one
Multicast: sends to a group

32
Q

What is the difference between subnetting and CIDR

A

Subnetting breaks a single block of addresses into multiple subnets
CIDR takes a block of IP addresses and passes them out

33
Q

What are two important things to remember about subnetting

A

Start with the given subnet mask and move to the right until you have the correct number of subnets
Forget the dots, they don’t mean anything to the computer

34
Q

How do you calculate the number of hosts in a subnet mask

A

2^x - 2

x= number of zeroes

35
Q

Outline the process of Subnetting

A

OG subnet: 111111111111111111111111 | 00000000
Network extension: 111111111111111111111111 | 0 | 0000000
New sub net 111111111111111111111111 | 10000000
= 255.255.255.128

36
Q

Outline the process of making 3 new subnets

A

Translate subnet mask into 3 new subnets
11000000.10101000.00000100.00000000

110000001010100000000100 | 00 | 000000
110000001010100000000100 | 00 | 000001 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 00 | 000010 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 01 | 000000
110000001010100000000100 | 01 | 000001 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 01 | 000010 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 10 | 000000
110000001010100000000100 | 10 | 000001 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 10 | 000010 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 11 |000000
110000001010100000000100 | 11 | 000001 (host)
110000001010100000000100 | 11 | 000010 (host)

Converted back to dot-dec

  1. 168.4.0 /26
  2. 168.4.64 /26
  3. 168.4.128 /26
  4. 168.4.192 /26
37
Q

How do you calculate a 8 bit binary value to a number

A

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
—————————— Add the ones
128 + 16 + 4 + 2 = 150

38
Q

What ports does DCHP use

A

67 & 68

39
Q

What IP address should you tell you there is an error

A

169.254.0.0 (network ID)

Generated by a version of Zero-config networking (APIPA)

40
Q

What is the loopback address

A

127.0.0.1

41
Q

What are considered to be private IP addresses

A
  1. 0.0.0 - > 10.255.255.255
  2. 16.0.0 -> 172.31.255.255.255
  3. 168.0.0 -> 192.168.255.255

Network+ Certification (18 decks)

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