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Network+ Certification > Chapter 2 - Network Models > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

What is the OSI Model

A

Open Systems Interconnection enables us to follow a model to explain almost any type of network including long obscure old ones.

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2
Q

Define Protocol

A

A set of rules, regulations, and standards that enable hardware and software developers to make devices and applications that will function at a particular level

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3
Q

What are the Seven layers of the OSI Model

A 
7 = Application
6 = Presentation
5 = Session
4 = Transport
3 = Network
2 = Data Link
1 = Physical
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4
Q

What is a way to remember the seven layers (mneomonics)

A

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

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5
Q

What is part of layer one

A

Cabling, radio waves, central boxes (hubs, switches, etc.). Doesn’t care what the data is, only moves it from place to place

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6
Q

What makes a NIC unique

A

48 bit Media Access Control number made up of hexdecimal digits

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7
Q

What are the two parts to a MAC address

A

First 6 digits identify the manufacturer, Organizationally Unique Identifier
Last 6 digits identify the unique serial number

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8
Q

Who gives out MAC addresses

A

IEEE, Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers

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9
Q

How does Hexadecimal work with binary

A 
Four bits = 1  character
0000 = 0
0001 = 1
1000 = 8
1111 = 15
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10
Q

What is the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)

A

Used in the first 6 digits of a MAC address to identify the manufacturer

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11
Q

What is another name for MAC-48

A

EUI - 48 , Extended Unique Identifier

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12
Q

What is a frame

A

A container for a chunk of data moving across the network

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13
Q

Where is a frame created

A

The NIC

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14
Q

What does a frame look like

A

Recipient MAC | Sender MAC | Type | Data | FCS

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15
Q

What is FCS

A

Frame Checking Sequence, uses binary math (cyclic redundancy check) when recieving to verify that data is all intact

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16
Q

How much data can a frame contain?

A

1500 bytes (average)

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17
Q

How does a Hub operate

A

A hub makes an exact copy of the frame and broadcasts it to all system connected. The receiving system is the only one that will process the data.

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18
Q

How does a switch operate

A

Sends the frame to the proper destination only.

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19
Q

What is a way to think of Cyclic Redundancy Checks

A

It is similar to the remainder of a division problem

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20
Q

What is a broadcast address

A

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF, every NIC will process this.

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21
Q

What is considered to be part of layer 2

A

Any device that deals with a MAC is part of layer 2

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22
Q

What does the Data link layer provide as a service

A

Data Link Control

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23
Q

What are the two jobs of the NIC

A

Logical Link Control, and Media Access Control

24
Q

What is Logical Link control (LLC)

A

Talks with the system OS (usually drivers), handles network protocols and provides flow control

25
Q

TCP/IP is considered a network protocol, but is actually…

A

a protocol suite, can be used to explain many protocols

26
Q

What happens at layer 3

A

Containers called packets are created and addressed enabling them to go from one network to the other. This is the last layer that deals with hardware

27
Q

What happens with an IP packet

A

Packet handed to NIC and enclosed within a frame.

28
Q

What does a packet look like in contrast to a frame

A

IP Header | TCP Header | Segment
OR
IP Header | UPD Header | Message

29
Q

Why would a packet be stripped away from the frame and put into a new frame

A

This is so it will be the appropriate technology for its next destination but the IP packet will never change

30
Q

What connects the NIC to the System

A

Driver software

31
Q

What happens in layer 4

A

Data is broken in to chunks called segments or datagrams depending on the protocol. Each chunk is given a sequence number. Think of it as the assembler disassembler software.

32
Q

What happens in layer 5

A

Handles all the sessions incoming/outgoing in a system. Sessions are opened and closed here.

33
Q

What happens in layer 6

A

Incoming data is translated to be used by software and applications, vice versa for outgoing

34
Q

What happens in layer 7

A

This is the programming that enables application to be network aware.

35
Q

What is encapsualtion

A

The process of preparing data to go onto the network

36
Q

What is de-encapsulation

A

preparing data too be used by the system

37
Q

What are the four layers of the TCP/IP Model

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Link/Network interface

38
Q

What is a difference between OSI model and the TCP/IP Model

A

OSI is prescriptive, TCP/IP is descriptive

39
Q

Explain the Link/Network interface layer (TCP/IP)

A

Similar to Layer 1 & 2 of the OSI model
Handles all the physical connections
Cabling, hubs, switches, etc.

40
Q

Explain the internet layer (TCP/IP)

A

Any device or protocol that deals with pure IP packets.
Any device or protocol that deals with getting the IP packets to its destination.
Similar to the Network layer of the OSI model

41
Q

Expalin the Transport layer (TCP/IP)

A

Combines Session and Transport (hint of application) from the OSI model
Involved in the assembly and disassembly of data

42
Q

What is a connectionless protocol

A

TCP, Transmission Control Protocol

43
Q

What is a connection oriented protocol

A

UDP, User datagram protocol

44
Q

What si a TCP segment

A

What is left after a the IP is stripped from an IP packet. Make sure data gets to the destination in the right order using a checksum, flags, and acknowledgment.

45
Q

What does a TCP segment look like

A

Destination Port | Source Port | Sequence Number | Checksum | Flag | Acknowledgement | Data

46
Q

Where does TCP get is data from

A

The transport layer (OSI) or internet layer (TCP)

47
Q

What does UDP get its data from

A

Applcation layer

48
Q

What does a UDP datagram look like

A

Destination port | Source Port | Length | Checksum | data

49
Q

What is the range of prots TCP/IP uses

A

1 - 65535

50
Q

Link layer matches with which data structure

A

Frame

51
Q

Internet layer matches with which data structure

A

IP packet

52
Q

Transport layer matches with which data structure

A

TCP/IP segment or UDP datagram

53
Q

Application layer matches with which data structure

A

Data starts and ends here

54
Q

What does an IP Header contain

A

Source IP Address & Destination IP Address

55
Q

What does a TCP/UDP Header contain

A

Source Port & Destination Port

Network+ Certification (18 decks)

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