Chapter 10 - Network Naming Flashcards
Define NetBIOS/NetBEUI
-Broadcasts name & MAC for name resolution
- Every other system hears broadcast and stores it into the cache
- meant to be used to share folders & printers
TCP Port 137 & 139
UDP Port 137 & 138
What is NetBT
NetBIOS over TCP/IP
Define SMB
Server Message Block ran on top of NetBT to support sharing folders and files. Used NetBIOS names.
- Today no longer dependent on NetBIOS
Port 445
What is the ‘hosts file’
Contained a list of IUP addresses for every computer on the Internet, matched to the corresponding system names.
.\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc (W7-10)
/etc (Linux)
What is the DNS Root server
A bunch of powerful computers dispersed around the world
“.”
What are the top-level domain servers
Handle TLD names such as .com .org…
One step below Root servers
What is the limit of characters in a dns name
255 characters Lowercase letters numbers hyphen (-) can be separated by .
Define Hierarchical Name Space
An imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used within a single system
Define Flat Name Space
one big undivided list containing all names with no grouping
ex. host file
Define FQDN
Fully Qualified Domain Name
root on the right side - domains left
Define zone
a container for a single domain that gets filled with records
Define Record
a line in the zone data that maps an FQDN to an IP address
Define Authoritative Name Server
A DNS server that has a single zone that lists all the host names on the domain and their IP addresses.
Make sure that all name servers are updated for changes
A powerful DNS server acts as this for many domains
What is the purpose of a name server
Acts as a subordinate to the Authoritative Name Server to handle massive incoming DNS inquiries
How does a root server hold massive amounts of IP addresses
They only know where to send the requests
What are the three ways a web browser resolves a name
Hosts File
DNS Server
Broadcasting
What does ipconfig /displaydns do
displays the cache of FQDNs stored on a computer
Define Cached lookups
FQDNs that have already been resolved
Define Cache-Only Server
never authoritative for a domain, only used to talk to other DNS servers
What is stored in a forward lookup zone
IP addresses & FQDNs
At least one Name server & one SOA
Define SOA
Start of authority is required by every forward lookup zone.
Defines the single DNS server in charge
Define ‘A Records’
IPv4 addresses and anmes of all systems on domain
Define ‘CNAME’
canonical name acts like an alias
Define ‘MX Records’
used exclusively by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail
MX = Mail exchanger
What is the difference between a primary zone and a secondary zone
Primary acts as the authoritative name server and secondary will act as backups
Define reverse lookup zone
enables a system to determine a FQDN by knowning the IP address.
Take network ID - reverse id - add unique domain to create zone (aka pointer record (PTR))
What are the three types of groups in Windows
Workgroup
Domain
Active Directory
Define Workgroup
name that organizes a group of computers
Define Windows Domain
group of computers controlled by a computer running windows server
- use DNS naming
Define Active Directory
An organziation of related computers that share one or more Windows domains
all domain controllers are equal, but nothing can be updated until the primary server comes back up
Define DNS suffix
the way the DHCP clients would know the name of the DNS domain to which they belonged
Define Dynamic DNS
enabled DNS servers to get automatic updates of IP addresses of computers in their forward lookup zones by talking to the local DHCP server
what does ipconfig /registerdns do
force a dns server to update its records
Define DNSSEC
DNS Security Extensions is an authentictation and authorization protocol for DNS servers. Implemented using EDNS
Define EDNS
Extension Mechanisms for DNS was a specification that expanded several parameter sizes
What is nslookup used for
enables DNS server queries
