Chapter 10 - Network Naming

Question 1

Define NetBIOS/NetBEUI

Answer 1

-Broadcasts name & MAC for name resolution
- Every other system hears broadcast and stores it into the cache
- meant to be used to share folders & printers
TCP Port 137 & 139
UDP Port 137 & 138

Question 2

What is NetBT

Answer 2

NetBIOS over TCP/IP

Question 3

Define SMB

Answer 3

Server Message Block ran on top of NetBT to support sharing folders and files. Used NetBIOS names.
- Today no longer dependent on NetBIOS
Port 445

Question 4

What is the ‘hosts file’

Answer 4

Contained a list of IUP addresses for every computer on the Internet, matched to the corresponding system names.
.\Windows\System32\Drivers\Etc (W7-10)
/etc (Linux)

Question 5

What is the DNS Root server

Answer 5

A bunch of powerful computers dispersed around the world

“.”

Question 6

What are the top-level domain servers

Answer 6

Handle TLD names such as .com .org…

One step below Root servers

Question 7

What is the limit of characters in a dns name

Answer 7

255 characters
Lowercase letters
numbers
hyphen (-)
can be separated by .

Question 8

Define Hierarchical Name Space

Answer 8

An imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used within a single system

Question 9

Define Flat Name Space

Answer 9

one big undivided list containing all names with no grouping
ex. host file

Question 10

Define FQDN

Answer 10

Fully Qualified Domain Name

root on the right side - domains left

Question 11

Define zone

Answer 11

a container for a single domain that gets filled with records

Question 12

Define Record

Answer 12

a line in the zone data that maps an FQDN to an IP address

Question 13

Define Authoritative Name Server

Answer 13

A DNS server that has a single zone that lists all the host names on the domain and their IP addresses.
Make sure that all name servers are updated for changes
A powerful DNS server acts as this for many domains

Question 14

What is the purpose of a name server

Answer 14

Acts as a subordinate to the Authoritative Name Server to handle massive incoming DNS inquiries

Question 15

How does a root server hold massive amounts of IP addresses

Answer 15

They only know where to send the requests

Question 16

What are the three ways a web browser resolves a name

Answer 16

Hosts File
DNS Server
Broadcasting

Question 17

What does ipconfig /displaydns do

Answer 17

displays the cache of FQDNs stored on a computer

Question 18

Define Cached lookups

Answer 18

FQDNs that have already been resolved

Question 19

Define Cache-Only Server

Answer 19

never authoritative for a domain, only used to talk to other DNS servers

Question 20

What is stored in a forward lookup zone

Answer 20

IP addresses & FQDNs

At least one Name server & one SOA

Question 21

Define SOA

Answer 21

Start of authority is required by every forward lookup zone.

Defines the single DNS server in charge

Question 22

Define ‘A Records’

Answer 22

IPv4 addresses and anmes of all systems on domain

Question 23

Define ‘CNAME’

Answer 23

canonical name acts like an alias

Question 24

Define ‘MX Records’

Answer 24

used exclusively by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail
MX = Mail exchanger

Question 25

What is the difference between a primary zone and a secondary zone

Answer 25

Primary acts as the authoritative name server and secondary will act as backups

Question 26

Define reverse lookup zone

Answer 26

enables a system to determine a FQDN by knowning the IP address.
Take network ID - reverse id - add unique domain to create zone (aka pointer record (PTR))

Question 27

What are the three types of groups in Windows

Answer 27

Workgroup
Domain
Active Directory

Question 28

Define Workgroup

Answer 28

name that organizes a group of computers

Question 29

Define Windows Domain

Answer 29

group of computers controlled by a computer running windows server
- use DNS naming

Question 30

Define Active Directory

Answer 30

An organziation of related computers that share one or more Windows domains
all domain controllers are equal, but nothing can be updated until the primary server comes back up

Question 31

Define DNS suffix

Answer 31

the way the DHCP clients would know the name of the DNS domain to which they belonged

Question 32

Define Dynamic DNS

Answer 32

enabled DNS servers to get automatic updates of IP addresses of computers in their forward lookup zones by talking to the local DHCP server

Question 33

what does ipconfig /registerdns do

Answer 33

force a dns server to update its records

Question 34

Define DNSSEC

Answer 34

DNS Security Extensions is an authentictation and authorization protocol for DNS servers. Implemented using EDNS

Question 35

Define EDNS

Answer 35

Extension Mechanisms for DNS was a specification that expanded several parameter sizes

Question 36

What is nslookup used for

Answer 36

enables DNS server queries