Chapter 7 - Substance-related and addictive disorders

Question 1

Substance use disorder

Answer 1

Patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance

Question 2

Substance-induced disorders

Answer 2

Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal syndromes, mood disorders, selenium, and amnesia

Question 3

Psychoactive

Answer 3

Describing chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects

Question 4

Intoxication

Answer 4

State of drunkenness

Question 5

Tachycardia

Answer 5

Abnormally rapid heartbeat

Question 6

Delirium tremens (DT)

Answer 6

Withdrawal syndrome that often occurs following a sudden decrease or cessation of drinking in chronic alcoholics that is characterized by extreme restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations

Question 7

Delirium

Answer 7

1) state of mental confusion, disorientation, and extreme difficulty in focusing attention
2) a syndrome occurring among the elderly that typically involves confusion, problems with concentration, and cognitive dysfunction

Question 8

Disorientation

Answer 8

State of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to time, place, or identity of oneself or others

Question 9

Addiction

Answer 9

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by psychological dependence

Bio - physiological dependance, you body beats you up with out it
Psycho - negative reinforcement, nothing is fun unless high
Social - effects of peer group drug use

Question 10

Physiological dependence

Answer 10

State of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply

Question 11

Psychological dependence

Answer 11

Reliance, as on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependant

Question 12

Depressant

Answer 12

Drug that lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system (ex. Alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates)

Question 13

Korsakoff’s syndrome (aka. Alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder)

Answer 13

Form of brain damage associated with chronic thiamine deficiency. The syndrome is associated with chronic alcoholism and characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and tendency to invent memories to replace lost ones (confabulation)

Question 14

Barbiturates

Answer 14

Types of depressant drugs that are sometimes used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep but that are highly addictive (amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital)

Question 15

Sedatives

Answer 15

Types of depressant drug that reduce state of tension and restlessness and induce sleep

Question 16

Opiates

Answer 16

Types of depressant drug with strong addictive properties that are derived from the opium poppy; provide feelings of euphoria and relief from pain (morphine, Heroin, and codeine)

Question 17

Narcotics

Answer 17

Drugs , such as opiates, that are used for pain relief and treatment of insomnia, but which have strong addictive potential

Question 18

Analgesia

Answer 18

State of relief from pain with out loss of consciousness

Tylenol, aspirin, and other pain medication provide this

Question 19

Endorphins

Answer 19

Natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine.

Question 20

Amphetamines

Answer 20

Type of synthetic stimulants, such as Dexedrine and Benzedrine. Abuse can trigger an amphetamine psychosis that mimics acute episodes of schizophrenia

Question 21

Amphetamine psychosis

Answer 21

Psychotic state induced by ingestion of amphetamines (street names include speed, uppers, and bennies, dexies, and meth)

Question 22

Cocaine

Answer 22

Stimulant derived from coca leaves

Question 23

Crack

Answer 23

Hardened, smokable form of cocaine - may contain 75% pure cocaine

Question 24

Freebasing

Answer 24

Method of ingesting cocaine by means of heating the drug with ether to sewerage its most potent component (it’s “free base”) and then smoking the extract

Question 25

Hallucinogens or psychedelics

Answer 25

Substances (class of drugs) that give rise to hallucinations and sensory distortions (i.e. LSD, phencyclidine, marijuana)

Question 26

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Answer 26

A powerful hallucinogenic drug - decreases action of serotonin and increases utilization of of dopamine

Question 27

Flashbacks

Answer 27

1) vivid re-experiencing of a past event, which may be difficult to distinguish from current reality
2) experiences of sensory distortions or hallucinations occurring days or weeks after use of LSD or another hallucinogenic drug that mimic the drug’s effects

Question 28

Marijuana

Answer 28

A mild or minor hallucinogen derived from the cannabis sativa plant

Question 29

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannobinol (THC)

Answer 29

Major active ingredient in marijuana (found in branches and leaves of plant and in high concentration in resin of female plant)

Question 30

Hashish (hash)

Answer 30

Drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant, cannabis sativa

Question 31

Cue-exposure training

Answer 31

Treatment used for people with substance-related disorders; it involves exposure to cues associated with ingestion of drugs or alcoholic beverages in a controlled situation in which the person is prevented from using the drug

Learning how to manage urges brought on be cues by first starting in controlled setting a

Question 32

Detoxification

Answer 32

Process of ridding the system of alcohol or drugs under supervised conditions in which symptoms can be monitored and controlled

Question 33

Methadone

Answer 33

Used to treat heroin addictions. Artificial narcotic (synthetic opiate) that lacks the rush associated with heroin and that is used to help people addicted to heroin abstain without incurring an abstinence syndrome.

Question 34

Naloxone

Answer 34

Drug that prevents users from becoming high if they subsequently take heroin. Some people are place on naloxone after being withdrawn from heroin to prevent return to heroin

Question 35

Naltrexone

Answer 35

Chemical cousin of naloxone that blocks the high from alcohol as well as opiates and is now approved for use in treating alcoholism

Question 36

Al-Anon (Alcoholics Anonymous)

Answer 36

Organization sponsoring support groups for family members of people with alcoholism

Question 37

Aversive conditioning (aversion therapy)

Answer 37

Behaviour therapy technique in which a maladaptive response is paired with exposure to an aversive stimulus, such as electric shock or nausea, so that conditioned aversion develops towards the stimulus associated with the maladaptive response

Question 38

Relapse

Answer 38

Recurrence of a problem behaviour or disorder

Question 39

Relapse- prevention training

Answer 39

Cognitive-behavioural technique used in the treatment of addictive behaviours that involves the use of behavioural and cognitive strategies to resist temptations and prevent lapses from becoming relapses

*helping individuals be aware of their responses to relapse

Question 40

Abstinence-violation effect (AVE)

Answer 40

Tendency in people trying to maintain abstinence from a substance, such as alcohol or cigarettes, to overreact to a lapse with feelings of guilt and a sense of resignation that may then trigger a full-blown relapse

Question 41

Controlled social drinking

Answer 41

Controversial approach to treating problem drinkers in which the goal of treatment is the maintenance of controlled social drinking in moderate amounts, rather than total abstinence.

Question 42

Withdrawal syndrome

Answer 42

Characteristic cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction or abrupt cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed

Question 43

Substance use disorders

Answer 43

• repeated drugs use = damaging consequences
• may become substance dependance
• physiological signs of dependance (tolerance or withdrawal)
• compulsive use (lack of control over substance use)

Question 44

Substance-induced disorders

Answer 44

When induced by psychoactive substances:

• intoxication
• withdrawal symptoms
• mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders
• delirium, dementia, amnesia
• sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders