Chapter 11 - Abnormal Behaviour Across The Lifespan

Question 1

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 1

Disorder characterized by pervasive deficits in the ability to relate to and communication with others, and by a restricting range of activities range of activities and interests. Children with autism spectrum disorder lack the ability to relate to others and seen to live in their own private worlds.

Asperger’s has been deemed a milder (high functioning) form of Autism

Question 2

Theory of mind

Answer 2

The ability to appreciate that other people have a mental state that is different from one’s own

Question 3

Lateralization

Answer 3

The development process by which the left hemisphere specializes in verbal and analytic functions and the right hemisphere specializes in nonverbal, spatial functions

Question 4

Down syndrome

Answer 4

Condition caused by a chromosomal abnormality involving an extra chromosome on the 21st pair (trisomy 21); it is characterized by intellectual disability and various physical abnormalities. Formerly called mongolism and Down’s syndrome in Canada.

Question 5

Phenylketonuria

Answer 5

Genetic disorder that prevents the metabolization of phenylpyruvic acid, leading to intellectual disability

Individuals with this disorder need to stay on a special diet and protein supplements to prevent intellectual disability

Question 6

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 6

Disease of lipid metabolism that is genetically transmitted and usually results in death in early childhood. Involved gradual loss of muscle control, deafness and blindness, intellectual disability, and paralysis - usually die before the age of 5

Mostly effects Jews of Eastern European ancestry and French Canadians of the Gaspe region of Quebec.

Question 7

Cytomegalovirus

Answer 7

Maternal disease of the herpes virus group that carries a risk of intellectual disability to the unborn child

Question 8

Cultural-familial intellectual disability

Answer 8

Milder form of intellectual disability that is believed to result, or at least be influenced by, impoverishment in the child’s home environment.

Question 9

Mainstreaming (integration/integration)

Answer 9

The practice of having all students with disabilities included in the regular classroom.

Question 10

Dyslexia

Answer 10

Type of learning disorder characterized by impaired reading ability that may involve difficult with the alphabet or spelling

Question 11

Learning disorder

Answer 11

Deficiency in a specific learning ability noteworthy because of the individuals general intelligence and exposure to learning opportunities

Question 12

Individual education plan

Answer 12

A contractual document that contains learning and behavioural outcomes for a student, a description of how the outcome will be achieved, and a description of how outcomes will be evaluated.

Question 13

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 13

Behaviour disorder of childhood characterized by excessive motor activity and inability to focus one’s attention

Question 14

Hyperactivity

Answer 14

Abnormal behaviour pattern found most often in young boys that is characterized by extreme restlessness and difficulty maintaining attention

Question 15

Conduct disorder

Answer 15

Pattern of abnormal behaviour in childhood characterized by disruptive, antisocial behaviour

Question 16

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Answer 16

Disorder of childhood or adolescence characterized by excessive oppositionality of tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others

Question 17

Time out

Answer 17

Behavioural technique in which an individual who emits an undesirable behaviour is removed from an environment in which reinforcers are available and placed in an intro forcing environment for a period of time as a form of punishment. Time out is frequently used in behavioural programs for modifying behaviour problems in children, in combination with positive reinforcement for desirable behaviour

Question 18

Separation anxiety disorder

Answer 18

Childhood disorder characterized by extreme fears of separation from parents or others on whom the hold is dependant

Question 19

Amyloid plaques

Answer 19

Hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease: the accumulation of protein fragments, normally broken down in healthy brains, that accumulate to form hard. Insolvable plaques between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain

Question 20

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 20

Pathological proteins aggregates (or brain lesions) found within brain cells (in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus) in patients with Alziemer’s disease and thought to contribute to the degradation of neurons in the brain

Question 21

Acetylcholine

Answer 21

A neurotransmitter important in memory

Question 22

Autistic thinking

Answer 22

The tendency to view oneself as the centre of the universe, to believe the external events somehow refer to oneself