Chapter 7: Social Control And Deviance

Question 0

Rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms.

Answer 0

Sanctions

Question 1

Process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality; individual conforms to society’s expectations.

Answer 1

Internalization of norms

Question 2

An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior.

Answer 2

Positive sanctions

Question 3

Punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity.

Answer 3

Negative sanctions

Question 4

Reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regularly agency.

Answer 4

Formal sanctions.

Question 5

Spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given my an individual or a group.

Answer 5

Informal sanctions

Question 6

Enforcing norms through internal or external means.

Answer 6

Social control

Question 7

Behavior that violates significant social norms.

Answer 7

Deviance

Question 8

1) repeating an offense

2) act has serious negative consequences for society

Answer 8

Labeling someone as deviant

Question 9

Mark of social disgrace that sets them apart from the rest of society.

Answer 9

Stigma

Question 10

Deviance helps clarify norms, unit the group, diffuse tension and promote social charge.

Answer 10

Emile Durkheim

Question 11

2) provides jobs in various fields( lawyers, law enforcement, judges )
3) defines boundaries of acceptable behavior.
4) punishment of violators serves as warning to others.
5) draws line between conforming members of society and “outsiders”
6) minor deviance allows people to “vent”
7) prompts social change by identifying problem areas

Answer 11

social functions of deviance

Question 12

Views deviance as the natural outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society

Answer 12

Strain theory ( Robert K. Merton)

Question 13

Situation that arises when the norms of society are unclear or are no longer applicable

Answer 13

Anomie

Question 14

Accept society’s goals and means to achieve them.

Answer 14

Conformity

Question 15

Accept goals of society but do not accept the means for reaching these goals

Answer 15

Innovation

Question 16

Abandon societal goals while continuing to observe the expected rules of behavior (pass up promotion to avoid failure)

Answer 16

Ritualism

Question 17

Reject cultural goals and the acceptable means of attaining them.
( may drop out of society )

Answer 17

Retreatism

Question 18

Want to substitute new goals and means for the approved set.

may use violent or nonviolent methods

Answer 18

Rebellion

Question 19

Ruling class declares anything that threatens their power as deviant

Answer 19

Richard Quinney

Question 20

Deviance is a natural occurrence; look at why people conform

Answer 20

Control theory

Question 21

People develop bonds in four ways

Answer 21

Travis Hirschi

Question 22

Form bonds in four ways

Answer 22

1) form attachment with others who accept norms
2) strong belief in society’s moral codes
3) show commitment to traditional societal values/ goals
4) involved in non deviant activities (time consuming )

Question 23

Behavior is learned through interaction with others

Answer 23

Cultural transmission theory

Question 24

Frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and non deviant individuals.

Answer 24

Differential association

Question 25

Focuses on how individuals were identified as deviant.

Answer 25

Labeling theory

Question 26

Occasional violation of norms

Answer 26

Primary deviance

Question 27

Deviance is a lifestyle, labeled as deviant and believes the label

Answer 27

Secondary deviance

Question 28

1) murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.
2) occurs every 22 seconds in the U.S.
3) mist victims are African American: for murder it is African American men 18-24.
4) majority of murders committed by the use of guns.

Answer 28

Violent crime

Question 29

1) involves stealing or intentionally damaging someone else’s property.
2) burglary, larceny (theft other than auto) motor vehicle theft, and arson.
3) committed every 3 seconds in the U.S.
4) people under 25 years old commit a large part of crimes.
5) drug use/ habits have strong correlation with crime rates.

Answer 29

Property crime

Question 30

1) prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use and vagrancy.
2) supposedly harm no one other than themselves.

Answer 30

Victimless crime

Question 31

1) offenses committed by people of high social status in the course of their profession.
2) misrepresentation, fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, price-fixing, toxic pollution, insider trading, and political corruption.
3) costs the U.S. more than $300 billion.
4) not always dealt with equally.

Answer 31

White- collar crime

Question 32

Large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or legitimate business through violence or the threat of violence.

Answer 32

Crime Syndricate

Question 33

many have legitimate businesses that they use as a front.

Answer 33

Organized crime

Question 34

Power to decide who is actually arrested.

Answer 34

Police discretion

Question 35

1) seriousness of the offense.
2) wishes of the victim taken onto consideration.
3) suspects attitude.
4) make arrest if bystanders are present
5) more likely to arrest against African American (racial profiling)

Answer 35

Police (hold most immediate control)

Question 36

1) holds a trial to determine guilt

2) penalty phase

Answer 36

Role (courts)

Question 37

Legal negotiation that allows accused to plead guilty to a lesser charge.

Answer 37

Plea bargaining

Question 38

Sanctions used to punish criminals

Answer 38

Corrections

Question 39

socially acceptable act of revenge for victim and society.

Answer 39

retribution

Question 40

Discourage offenders from committing future crimes

Answer 40

Deterrence

Question 41

Reform criminals so they could be law abiding citizens.

Answer 41

Rehablilitation

Question 42

Limiting freedom of offenders protects society

Answer 42

Social protection

Question 43

repeated criminal behavior

Answer 43

recidivism

Question 44

1) laws become more specific for juvenile offenders in the 1960s.
2) juveniles could not be expected to be as responsible as adults.
3) Juveniles needed special, more considerate treatment.

Answer 44

Juvenile Justice System

Question 45

People don’t have equal access to achieve goal.

Society places a high value on certain goals.

Answer 45

Functionalist perspective

Question 46

People with power commit deviant acts to keep power.

People without power commit deviant acts to get power.

Answer 46

Conflict perspective

Question 47

Social ties among individuals.

Individuals integrated into community will conform.

Answer 47

Interactionist perspective

Question 48

What role does deviance play?

Answer 48

Acting out in society