Chapter 2: Cultural Diversity And Conformity

Question 0

Physical objects that people create

Answer 0

Material culture

Question 1

All the shared products of human groups.

1. Physical objects
2. Values
3. Beliefs
4. Behaviors

Answer 1

Culture

Question 2

Abstract human creations (feelings or emotions)

Answer 2

Nonmaterial culture

Question 3

Group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity

Answer 3

Society

Question 4

Combination of objects and rules for using those objects

Answer 4

Technology

Question 5

Anything that represents something else (has shared meaning)

Answer 5

Symbol

Question 6

Organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system

Answer 6

Language

Question 7

Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

Answer 7

Values

Question 8

Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations

Answer 8

Norms

Question 9

Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them

Answer 9

Folkways

Question 10

Rules that have great moral significance attached to them

Answer 10

Mores

Question 11

Written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by government

Answer 11

Laws

Question 12

Features common to all cultures that ensure their fulfillment

Answer 12

Cultural universals

Question 13

A. Arts and leisure
B. Basic needs
C. Beliefs 
D. Communication and education 
E. Family
F. Government and economy 
G. Technology

Answer 13

George Murdock 7 categories

Question 14

Group that shares values, norms, and behaviors not shared by larger society

Answer 14

Subculture

Question 15

Subgroup that challenges values of society and wants to replace them with new ones

Answer 15

Counterculture

Question 16

Tendency to view ones own culture and group as superior

Answer 16

Ethnocentrism

Question 17

Helps to build group unity

Answer 17

Functionalist perspective

Question 18

Results in one group or society seeing others as inferior

Answer 18

Conflict perspective

Question 19

Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards

Answer 19

Cultural relativism

Question 20

Spreading of cultural traits from one society to another (food, language, clothing, religion)

Answer 20

Cultural diffusion

Question 21

Time between changes when ideas and beliefs are adapting to new material (gay rights, slavery, women’s rights, texting, sexting)

Answer 21

Cultural lag

Question 22

Recognize new uses for existing elements (prescription drugs, food preparation, aloe Vera, CDs DVDs)

Answer 22

Discovery

Question 23

Create something that did not previously exist (flying cars, robots, phone, wheel)

Answer 23

Invention

Question 24

Process in which cultures become more and more alike

Answer 24

Cultural leveling

Question 25

Doing well at school and at work is important. Gaining wealth and prestige is a sign of success

Answer 25

Personal achievement

Question 26

History is marked by ongoing progress and this progress improves people’s lives

Answer 26

Progress and material comfort

Question 27

Discipline, dedication and hard work are signs of virtue

Answer 27

Work

Question 28

Hard work, initiative and individual effort are the keys to personal achievement

Answer 28

Individualism

Question 29

Can help solve every problem. Getting things done well in the shortest time is very important

Answer 29

Efficiency and practicality

Question 30

Judgments should be based on a sense of right and wrong. Can also include helping those less fortunate

Answer 30

Morality and humanitarianism

Question 31

Everyone should have an equal chance at success and the right to participate freely in government

Answer 31

Equality and democracy

Question 32

Personal freedoms, such as freedom of religion, speech and the press, are central to the American way of life

Answer 32

Freedom

Question 33

Commitment to the full development of ones personality, talents and potential

Answer 33

Self-fulfillment

Question 34

Extreme self centeredness

Answer 34

Narcissism