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Sociology > Chapter 3: Social Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Social Structure Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Socially defined position in a group or society

A

Status

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1
Q

Network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction.

A

Social structure

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2
Q

Behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

A

Roles

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3
Q

Assigned according to qualities beyond a persons control

A

Ascribed status

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4
Q

Acquired through their own efforts

A

Achieved

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5
Q

Plays greatest role in shaping a persons life and determining identity

A

Master status

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6
Q

Bring statuses to life

A

Roles

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7
Q

Corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses

A

Reciprocal roles

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8
Q

Socially determined behaviors of a person performing a role (what they are expected to do in society)

A

Role expectations

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9
Q

Actual role behavior

A

Role performance

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10
Q

The different roles attached to a single status

A

Role set

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11
Q

Fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status

A

Role conflict

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12
Q

A person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status

A

Role strain

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13
Q

Process people go through to detach from a role that has been central to their self identity

A

Role exit

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14
Q

People go through certain common stages on their way to creating a new identity as an ex

A

Helen Rose Ebaugh

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15
Q

Statuses and roles are organized into units that satisfy one or more basic needs of society

A

Social institution

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16
Q

Take responsibility for raising the young and teaching them accepted norms and values

A

Family

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17
Q

Organizes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

A

Economy

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18
Q

System of norms that governs the exercise and distribution of power in society

A

Political institution

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19
Q

Ensures the transmission

A

Education

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20
Q

Provides a shared, collective explanation of the meaning of life

A

Religion

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21
Q

When people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions. ( holding the door open for someone)

A

Exchange

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22
Q

The idea that if you do something for a person, that person owes you something in return. ( saying please and thank you)

A

Reciprocity

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23
Q

People are motivated by self interest in their interactions with other people. (I gave you back the wallet only for the reward)

A

Exchange theory

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24
Q

When two or more people/groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can achieve. (Sports, businesses, schools)

A

Competition

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25
Q

Deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person

A

Conflict

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26
Q

Wars
Disagreements within groups
Legal disputes
Clashes over ideology, such as religion and politics

A

Four sources of conflict

27
Q

A state of balance between cooperation and conflict (helps to ensure stability)

A

Accommodation

28
Q

Two or more people /groups work together to achieve a desired goal that will benefit more than one person

A

Cooperation

29
Q

Occurs when the two parties at odds each give up something to come to a mutual agreement

A

Compromise

30
Q

Temporarily brings a halt to the competition or conflict until a compromise can be reached

A

Truce

31
Q

Calling in a third party who acts as advisor and counselor to guide the two parties toward an agreement

A

Mediation

32
Q

A third party makes a decision that is binding on both parties

A

Arbitration

33
Q

Set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess a common identity

A

Group

34
Q

Largest group studied

A

Society

35
Q

Ways societies use technology to provide for the needs of its members

A

Subsistence strategies

36
Q

Food production is main economic activity

A

Preindustrial society

37
Q

Daily collection of wild plants and hunting wild animals
Move around constantly
Rarely exceed 100 people
Statuses are relatively equal

A

Hunter- gatherer society

38
Q

Rely on domesticated animals to meet food needs
Can support larger populations
Have excessive food supply

A

Pastoral society

39
Q

Fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots
Slash and burn method popular for cleaning fields
Rotate garden plots
Build permanent or semi permanent villages

A

Horticultural society

40
Q 
Animal labor utilized more with plows 
More crops produced 
Irrigation used 
Larger populations 
Specialized led to cities 
Usually a monarchy
A

Agricultural society

41
Q

Emphasis shifts to manufactured goods
Production carried out by machines
Supports larger populations because food production increased
Urbanization occurs

A

Industrial society

42
Q

Focus is on information and services, not manufacturing
Standard of living improves as wages go up
Stronger emphasis on education and role of science

A

Postindustrial society

43
Q

Preindustrial societies
People share same values and perform the same tasks
United for common good

A

Mechanical solidarity

44
Q

More developed society
Complex division of labor; impersonal social relationships
Become dependent on others for survival

A

Organic solidarity

45
Q

Most people know each other; group solidarity
Relationships are close
Activities center on family and community

A

Gemeinschaft

46
Q

Social relationships based on need; impersonal and temporary
Traditional values are weak
Individual goals are more important than group goals

A

Gesellchaft

47
Q

Must consist of two or more people
There must be interaction among members
Member must have shared expectations
Members must posses some sense of common identity

A

Groups 4 major features

48
Q

When people gather together in one place but lack organization or interaction

A

Aggregate

49
Q

Means of classifying people according to as shared trait or common status

A

Social categories

50
Q

The smallest group consisting of two people

Each member has direct control over the groups existence

A

Dyad

51
Q

Group of three people
One person cannot disband the group
Decisions are easier to make

A

Triad

52
Q

Interaction is not continuous

Varies according to group and need

A

Time

53
Q

Structure goals and activities of the group are clearly defined
Examples: FFA meetings, church

A

Formal group

54
Q

No official structure or established rules of conduct

Examples: just hanging out, prom planning

A

Informal group

55
Q

Small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time
Examples: relationships are intimate often face to face, communication is deep and intense,structure is informal

A

Primary group

56
Q

Interaction is temporary and impersonal
More casual with limited personal involvement
Persons importance depends on function they play for the group (individual can be replaced)
Organized around specific goals

A

Secondary group

57
Q

Any group that an individual identifies with
Adopt their attitudes and values
Examples: sports teams, junior senior

A

Reference groups

58
Q

Group that a person belongs to or identifies with
Tend to separate themselves through the use of symbols
View themselves positively and others negatively
Often compete with out groups

A

In group

59
Q

Group that a person doesn’t belong to or identify with

A

Out group

60
Q

People interacting via electronic means

A

Electronic community

61
Q

Web of relationships formed by all of a persons interactions with others
Direct and in direct relationships
Do not have clear boundaries
Provide a support system

A

Social networks

62
Q

Task oriented (help the group reach goals)

A

Instrumental leaders

63
Q

Emotion oriented (find ways to keep the group together and maintain morale)

A

Expressive leaders

64
Q

Accordance with accepted rules or conventions

A

Conformity

Sociology (9 decks)

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