Chapter 7: Sexually Transmitted and Other Infections Flashcards
1
Q
What is the age group most affected by STIs?
A
15 - 24 years old
2
Q
What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention?
A
– primary: interventions before infections occur
* most effective way of reducing STIs
– secondary: screenings to identify diseases during their earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms
3
Q
What are the 4 risk reduction meausres for STIs?
A
- physical barriers – condoms – the only prevention method for exchange of STIs
- chemical barriers – lubricated condoms and spermicides – these are NOT recommended for prevention of HIV and STIs
- communication – expression of feelings and fears, strategies to enhance condom negotiation
- vaccination – Hep B, HPV
4
Q
What is Chlamydia trachomatis?
A
- bacterial STI
- most common STI
- fastest spreading STI
- infections are often asymptomatic
- women 18 - 20 have highest rates of infection
- pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can result if untreated and lead to infertility
- can transmit to fetus during birth
5
Q
What is gonorrhea?
A
- bacterial STI
- aerobic gram-negative
- oldest communicable disease in the US
- women are often asymptomatic
- all pregnant women and all at-risk women should be screened
6
Q
What is syphilis?
A
- bacterial STI
- caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum
- we know a lot about syphilis because of the Tuskegee study
- 3 stages:
1. primary – develop chancre (lesion) that goes away
2. secondary – develop perfuse rash on palmar and plantar surfaces
3. tertiary – develop mental issues like memory impairment; much harder to treat at this stage - women 20 - 24 and black women are most affected
7
Q
What is PID?
A
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- bacterial STI where the bacteria move up into the pelvic canal (fallopian tubes, uterus, and occasionally ovaries and peritoneal surfaces)
- caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia
- increases risk for ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvis pain
- s/s – mucopurulent drainage, cramping/pain
8
Q
What is HPV?
A
- human papillomavirus
- viral STI
- condylomata acuminata = genital warts
- most common viral STI
- primary cause of cervical neoplasia – slow to develop into cancer
- often resolves spontaneously in young women
- cannot eradicate HPV
9
Q
What is HSV?
A
- herpes simplex virus
- viral STI
- 2 types:
1. HSV-1: transmitted nonsexually; neck up
2. HSV-2: transmitted sexually; neck down - characterized by multiple painful lesions, fever, chills, malaise, dysuria
- initial infection is usually most severe, but will lay dormant in spine until times of stress
- women with active HSV-2 outbreaks require C-section for delivery
- no cure
- antiviral medications control symptoms
10
Q
What is viral hepatits?
A
- viral infection
- 5 different types of hepatits
1. A – fecal-oral route; flu-like symptoms; vaccination available
2. B – parenterally, perinatally, orally, and sexually transmitted; disease of the liver, often asymptomatic; most threatening virus to fetus; HBIG vaccine IM injection for newborn within 12 hours of birth if mom is positive
3. C – no vaccine available
4. D & E – common among IV drug users and recipients of multiple blood transfusions
11
Q
What is HIV?
A
- human immunodeficiency virus
- viral STI
- transmits through body fluids
- pregnancy women with HIV who are consistently taking their medication have a very low risk of transmitting HIV to baby
- women are more susceptible to virus due to microtears in vagina and peri-area during intercourse (also individuals who participate in anal sex)
- C-section births are recommended
12
Q
What is vulvovaginitis?
A
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
13
Q
What is bacterial vaginosis (BV)?
A
- most common cause of vaginal symptoms
- results in fishy odor
- treat with oral metronidazole (Flagyl)
14
Q
What is candidiasis?
A
- caused by Candida albicans or non-C. albicans
- yeast infection (vulvovaginal candidiasis)
- second most common type of vaginal infection
- s/s – vulvar pruritus, vaginal pruritus
15
Q
What is trichomoniasis?
A
- caused by Trichomonas vaginalis – anaerobic protoza with flagella
- almost always sexually transmitted
- commonly causes vaginal infection – inflammation of vagina/vulva
