Chapter 6: Reproductive System Concerns Flashcards
What is amenorrhea? What is the difference between primary and secondary amenorrhea? What are some causes?
– amenorrhea: absence of menstruation
– primary: no menses by age 15 (she has never menstruated)
– secondary: menses stops after 6 months or more of menstruating
– causes:
* pregnancy
* anatomic – something blocks outflow
* endocrine – pituitary disorder, PCOS
* chronic diseases – DM1, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
* eating disorders – weight is important for mentruating (need certain percentage of body fat in order to have period)
* medications – Dilantin (anticonvulsant)
* strenuous exercise
What is dysmenorrhea? What is the difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea?
– dysmenorrhea: pain shortly before or during menstruation
– primary: related to ovulation
– secondary: associated with pelvic pathology (endometriosis, PID, fibroids)
What is PMDD?
premenstrual dysphoric disorder; a variant of PMS
* cyclic symptoms occur in the last 7 - 10 days of the menstrual cycle
* 5+ symptoms present preceding menses (1 must be marked mood changes that impede on ability to function)
* treatment is definitely needed for these pts
What is endometriosis? What are some signs and symptoms?
– endometriosis: presence and growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus that still respond to hormones and menstrual cycle
– s/s – dysmenorrhea; deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
What are some treatments for endometriosis?
- medications – birth control (stops cycle and stops proliferation of hormone), NSAIDs, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, FSH/LH suppression
- surgery to remove endometrial tissue
Differentiate between oligomenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia.
– oligomenorrhea: infrequent menstruation
– hypomenorrhea: scant bleeding at normal intervals
– menorrhagia: hypermenorrhea
– metrorrhagia: bleeding in between cycles
What are 2 health risks of perimenopausal women?
- osteoporosis
- coronary heart disease
