Chapter 7: Sampling; Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Entire group a sample is drawn from

The group a study’s conclusions aim to generalize

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

The smaller set taken from the population, the group used in a study (subset of pop)

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

A set of observations that contain all members from population of interest

Question 4

Biased Sample / Unrepresentative Sample

Answer 4

A sample where some members of a pop are systemically left out.

Cannot generalize to the population of interest

Question 5

Unbiased Sample

Answer 5

All members of a population of interest are equally likely to be included

Question 6

Convenience Sampling

Answer 6

Choosing a sample based on who are easily accessible and readily available

Biased Sampling technique

Question 7

Self Selection

Answer 7

form of sampling that occurs when the sample only contains people who volunteer to participate

Biased Sampling Technique

Question 8

Probability Sampling

Answer 8

A sample is drawn from a population where all individuals have an equal and known chance

Includes: simple random, stratified, and cluster sampling

Question 9

NonProbability Sampling

Answer 9

Non random sampling

Includes: convenience, snowball, purposive, and quota sampling

Question 10

Simple Random Sample

Answer 10

Chosen completely at random from the population of interest

Question 11

Systemic Sampling

Answer 11

A form of probability sampling; researcher uses a random increment and counts off every nth individual of the population to achieve a sample

Question 12

Cluster Sample

Answer 12

A form of probability sampling; clusters of participants within population are selected at random

Question 13

Multi Stage Sampling

Answer 13

Probability Sample; involves at least two stages of random people chosen within a random cluster

Question 14

Stratified Random Sampling

Answer 14

Probability Sample; researcher identifies categories (strata) and chooses people from within the strata

Question 15

Oversampling

Answer 15

probability sampling; variation of stratified random sampling in which researcher intentionally over represents one or more groups

Question 16

Random Assignment

Answer 16

The use of a random method is to assign participants into different experimental groups

enhances internal validity

Question 17

Purposive Sampling

Answer 17

Biased sampling technique: only certain types of people are included in a sample

Question 18

Snowball Sampling

Answer 18

biased sampling technique; participants are asked to recommend acquaintances to a study

Question 19

Quota Sampling

Answer 19

Biased Sampling Technique: researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest, sets a target number for each category in the sample and non randomly fills the category until quotas are filled