Chapter 7 - Respiratory system Flashcards
pharynx (throat)
passageway that conducts air from nasal cavity to trachea and also carries food and drink from mouth to esophagus
Larynx (voice box)
respiratory system organ responsible for producing speech; located just below pharynx
Trachea (windpipe)
passageway for air that extends from the pharynx to the larynx down to the main bronchi.
Bronchial tubes (the cute tree)
organ of respiratory system that carries air into each lung
tidal volume (TV)
amount of air that enters lungs in single inhalation or leaves lungs in single exhalation of quiet breathing
capacity: 500mL
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal respiration has taken place; also called complemental air
capacity: 3,000 mL
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal, quiet respiration; also called supplemental air
capacity: 1,000mL
residual volume (RV)
air remaining in lungs after forced exhalation
capacity: 1,500mL
inspiratory (IC)
volume of air inhaled after normal exhale
functional residual capacity (FRC)
Air that remains in lungs after normal exhalation has taken place
total lung capacity (TLC)
volume of air in lungs after maximal inhalation
Vital signs
respiration, pulse, temperature, skin color, blood pressure, and reaction of pupils; signs of condition of body functions
otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
branch of medicine that treats diseases of ears, nose, and throat
pulmonology
branch of medicine specializing in conditions of respiratory system
respiratory therapy
allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders
thoracic surgery
branch of medicine specializing in surgery on respiratory system and thoracic cavity
anosmia
loss of sense of smell
anoxia
lack of oxygen
aphonia
no voice
apnea
not breathing
asphyxia
lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately
bradypnea
slow breathing
bronchiectasis
dilated bronchus
bronchospasm
involuntary muscle spasm in bronchi
clubbing
abnormal widening and thickening of ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency
crackles
abnormal sound made during inspiration; also called rales
cyanosis
slightly bluish color of skin due to deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in blood
dysphonia
abnormal voice
dyspnea
difficult, labored breathing
epistaxis
nosebleed
eupnea
normal breathing
hemoptysis
coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum
hemothorax
condition of having blood in chest cavity
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide
hyperpnea
excessive deep breathing
hyperventilation
to breathe both fast (tachypnea) and deep (hyperpnea)
hypocapnia
insufficient carbon dioxide
hypopnea
insufficient or shallow breathing
hypoventilation
to breathe both slow (bradypnea) and shallow (hypopnea)
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in blood
hypoxia
absence of oxygen in tissues
laryngoplegia
paralysis of voice box
orthopnea
term to describe patient who needs to sit up straight in order to breathe comfortably
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
patent
open or unblocked, such as patent airway
phlegm (flema)
thick mucus secreted by membranes that line respiratory tract
pleurodynia
pleural pain
pyothorax
condition of having pus in chest cavity
rhinitis
inflammation of nose
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from nose
rhinorrhea
discharge from nose; known as runny nose
rhonchi
somewhat musical sound during expiration; known as wheezing
sputum
mucus or phlegm coughed up from lining of respiratory tract
stridor
harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is obstruction of bronchus or larynx
tachypnea
rapid breathing rate
thoracalgia
chest pain
tracheostenosis
narrowing of trachea
diphtheria
bacterial infection of respiratory system characterized by severe inflammation
laryngitis
inflammation of larynx causing difficulty in speaking
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of nasal cavity and throat
pertussis
contagious bacterial infection of larynx, trachea, and bronchi characterized by coughing attacks that end with whooping sound; also called whooping cough
pharyngitis
inflammation of mucous membrane of pharynx, usually caused by viral or bacterial infection; commonly called sore throat
rhinomycosis
condition of having fungal infection in nose
bronchiectasis
dilation of bronchus or bronchi that can result from infection
bronchitis
acute or chronic inflammation of lower respiratory tract that often occurs after other childhood infections such as measles
bronchogenic carcinoma
malignant lung tumor that originates in bronchi; usually associated with history of cigarette smoking
anthracosis
type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of coal dust in lung; also called black lung or miner’s lung
asbestosis
type of pneumoconiosis developing from collection of asbestos fibers in lungs; may lead to development of lung cancer
atelectasis
condition in which lung tissue collapses, which prevents respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which lungs have diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)
cystic fibrosis
hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction; patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs and digestive system
emphysema
pulmonary condition that can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking
histoplasmosis
pulmonary disease caused by fungus found in dust in droppings of pigeons and chickens
legionnaires’ disease
severe, often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and gastrointestinal symptoms
pneumoconiosis
condition resulting from inhaling environmental particles that become toxic, such as coal dust (anthracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis)
pneumonia
inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals
pulmonary edema
condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid; results in labored breathing
pulmonary embolism
blood clot or air bubble in pulmonary artery or one of its branches
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs
silicosis
form of respiratory disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust; considered an occupational disease
sleep apnea
condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause drop in oxygen levels in blood
tuberculosis
most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of system
empyema
pus within pleural space, usually result of infection
pleural effusion
abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity
pleurisy
inflammation of pleura
pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung
