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Medical Terminology > Chapter 7 - Respiratory system > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Respiratory system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pharynx (throat)

A

passageway that conducts air from nasal cavity to trachea and also carries food and drink from mouth to esophagus

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2
Q

Larynx (voice box)

A

respiratory system organ responsible for producing speech; located just below pharynx

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3
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A

passageway for air that extends from the pharynx to the larynx down to the main bronchi.

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4
Q

Bronchial tubes (the cute tree)

A

organ of respiratory system that carries air into each lung

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5
Q

tidal volume (TV)

A

amount of air that enters lungs in single inhalation or leaves lungs in single exhalation of quiet breathing
capacity: 500mL

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6
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal respiration has taken place; also called complemental air
capacity: 3,000 mL

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7
Q

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal, quiet respiration; also called supplemental air
capacity: 1,000mL

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8
Q

residual volume (RV)

A

air remaining in lungs after forced exhalation

capacity: 1,500mL

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9
Q

inspiratory (IC)

A

volume of air inhaled after normal exhale

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10
Q

functional residual capacity (FRC)

A

Air that remains in lungs after normal exhalation has taken place

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11
Q

total lung capacity (TLC)

A

volume of air in lungs after maximal inhalation

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12
Q

Vital signs

A

respiration, pulse, temperature, skin color, blood pressure, and reaction of pupils; signs of condition of body functions

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13
Q

otorhinolaryngology (ENT)

A

branch of medicine that treats diseases of ears, nose, and throat

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14
Q

pulmonology

A

branch of medicine specializing in conditions of respiratory system

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15
Q

respiratory therapy

A

allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders

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16
Q

thoracic surgery

A

branch of medicine specializing in surgery on respiratory system and thoracic cavity

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17
Q

anosmia

A

loss of sense of smell

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18
Q

anoxia

A

lack of oxygen

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19
Q

aphonia

A

no voice

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20
Q

apnea

A

not breathing

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21
Q

asphyxia

A

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately

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22
Q

bradypnea

A

slow breathing

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23
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilated bronchus

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24
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscle spasm in bronchi

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25
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal widening and thickening of ends of fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency

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26
Q

crackles

A

abnormal sound made during inspiration; also called rales

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27
Q

cyanosis

A

slightly bluish color of skin due to deficiency of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in blood

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28
Q

dysphonia

A

abnormal voice

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29
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult, labored breathing

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30
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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31
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

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32
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum

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33
Q

hemothorax

A

condition of having blood in chest cavity

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34
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide

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35
Q

hyperpnea

A

excessive deep breathing

36
Q

hyperventilation

A

to breathe both fast (tachypnea) and deep (hyperpnea)

37
Q

hypocapnia

A

insufficient carbon dioxide

38
Q

hypopnea

A

insufficient or shallow breathing

39
Q

hypoventilation

A

to breathe both slow (bradypnea) and shallow (hypopnea)

40
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in blood

41
Q

hypoxia

A

absence of oxygen in tissues

42
Q

laryngoplegia

A

paralysis of voice box

43
Q

orthopnea

A

term to describe patient who needs to sit up straight in order to breathe comfortably

44
Q

pansinusitis

A

inflammation of all sinuses

45
Q

patent

A

open or unblocked, such as patent airway

46
Q

phlegm (flema)

A

thick mucus secreted by membranes that line respiratory tract

47
Q

pleurodynia

A

pleural pain

48
Q

pyothorax

A

condition of having pus in chest cavity

49
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of nose

50
Q

rhinorrhagia

A

rapid flow of blood from nose

51
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from nose; known as runny nose

52
Q

rhonchi

A

somewhat musical sound during expiration; known as wheezing

53
Q

sputum

A

mucus or phlegm coughed up from lining of respiratory tract

54
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is obstruction of bronchus or larynx

55
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing rate

56
Q

thoracalgia

A

chest pain

57
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of trachea

58
Q

diphtheria

A

bacterial infection of respiratory system characterized by severe inflammation

59
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of larynx causing difficulty in speaking

60
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of nasal cavity and throat

61
Q

pertussis

A

contagious bacterial infection of larynx, trachea, and bronchi characterized by coughing attacks that end with whooping sound; also called whooping cough

62
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of mucous membrane of pharynx, usually caused by viral or bacterial infection; commonly called sore throat

63
Q

rhinomycosis

A

condition of having fungal infection in nose

64
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of bronchus or bronchi that can result from infection

65
Q

bronchitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of lower respiratory tract that often occurs after other childhood infections such as measles

66
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

malignant lung tumor that originates in bronchi; usually associated with history of cigarette smoking

67
Q

anthracosis

A

type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of coal dust in lung; also called black lung or miner’s lung

68
Q

asbestosis

A

type of pneumoconiosis developing from collection of asbestos fibers in lungs; may lead to development of lung cancer

69
Q

atelectasis

A

condition in which lung tissue collapses, which prevents respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

70
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which lungs have diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)

71
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction; patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs and digestive system

72
Q

emphysema

A

pulmonary condition that can occur as result of long-term heavy smoking

73
Q

histoplasmosis

A

pulmonary disease caused by fungus found in dust in droppings of pigeons and chickens

74
Q

legionnaires’ disease

A

severe, often fatal disease characterized by pneumonia and gastrointestinal symptoms

75
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

condition resulting from inhaling environmental particles that become toxic, such as coal dust (anthracosis) or asbestos (asbestosis)

76
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammatory condition of lung, which can be caused by bacterial and viral infections, diseases, and chemicals

77
Q

pulmonary edema

A

condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid; results in labored breathing

78
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot or air bubble in pulmonary artery or one of its branches

79
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs

80
Q

silicosis

A

form of respiratory disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust; considered an occupational disease

81
Q

sleep apnea

A

condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause drop in oxygen levels in blood

82
Q

tuberculosis

A

most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification of system

83
Q

empyema

A

pus within pleural space, usually result of infection

84
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity

85
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of pleura

86
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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