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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abrasion

A

A scraping-away of skin surface by friction

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2
Q

Anhidrosis

A

Abnormal condition of no sweat

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3
Q

Bulla

A

Large blister; larger than a vesicle

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4
Q

Comedo

A

Collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle; also called a blackhead

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5
Q

Contusion

A

Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising; skin is not broken

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6
Q

Cyst

A

Fluid-filled sac under the skin

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7
Q

Depigmentation

A

Loss of normal skin color or pigment

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8
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

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9
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin; a bruise

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10
Q

Erythema

A

Redness or flushing of skin

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11
Q

Erythroderma

A

Condition of having red or flushed skin

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12
Q

Eschar

A

Thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over deep burn area

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13
Q

Fissure

A

Crack-like lesion or groove on skin

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14
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive hair growth over body

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15
Q

Hyperemia

A

Redness of skin due to increased blood flow

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16
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

Abnormal condition of excessive sweat

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17
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Abnormal amount of pigmentation in skin

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18
Q

Lesion

A

General term for wound, injury, or abnormality

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19
Q

Leukoderma

A

Having skin that appears white because normal skin pigment is absent; may be all the skin or just in some areas

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20
Q

Lipoma

A

Fatty mass

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21
Q

Macule

A

Flat, discolored area flush with skin surface; example would be freckle or birthmark

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22
Q

Necrosis

A

Abnormal condition of death

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23
Q

Nevus

A

Pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign but may become cancerous

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24
Q

Nodule

A

Firm, solid mass of cells in skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter

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25
Q

Onychomalacia

A

Softening of the nails

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26
Q

Pallor

A

Abnormal paleness of skin

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27
Q

Papule

A

Small, solid, circular raised spot on surface of skin less than 0.5 cm in diameter

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28
Q

Petechiae

A

Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding.

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29
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Condition in which skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun

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30
Q

Pruritus

A

Severe itching

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31
Q

Purpura

A

Hemorrhages into skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish; commonly seen in older adults

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32
Q

Purulent

A

Containing pus or infection that is producing pus; pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris

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33
Q

Pustule

A

Raised spot on skin containing pus

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34
Q

Pyoderma

A

Presence of pus on or in layers of skin; sign of bacterial infection

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35
Q

Scleroderma

A

Condition in which skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened

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36
Q

Seborrhea

A

Oily discharge

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37
Q

Suppurative

A

Containing or producing pus

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38
Q

Ulcer

A

Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane

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39
Q

Urticaria

A

Also called hives; skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching; usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions

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40
Q

Vesicle

A

Blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on skin

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41
Q

Wheal

A

Small, round, swollen area on skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria

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42
Q

Xeroderma

A

Condition in which skin is abnormally dry

43
Q

Abscess

A

Collection of pus in skin

44
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules

45
Q

Acne rosacea

A

Chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on nose and cheeks

46
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

Common form of acne seen in teenagers; characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules

47
Q

Albinism

A

unable to make melanin

48
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor of basal cell layer of epidermis; rarely spreads; can arise on sun-exposed skin

49
Q

Cellulitis

A

inflammation of cellular or connective tissues

50
Q

Cicatrix

A

A scar

51
Q

Decubitus ulcer

A

bedsore or pressure sore caused by pressure over bony prominences on body; caused by lack of blood flow

52
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of skin

53
Q

Dermatosis

A

Abnormal condition of skin

54
Q

dry gangrene

A

late stages of gangrene characterized by affected area becoming black and leathery

55
Q

eczema

A

superficial dermatitis accompanied by papules, vesicles, and crusting

56
Q

gangrene

A

necrosis of skin usually due to deficient blood supply

57
Q

ichthyosis

A

condition in which skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized

58
Q

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

A

form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs

59
Q

keloid

A

formation of scar after injury or surgery resulting in raised, thickened red area

60
Q

keratosis

A

overgrowth and thickening of epithelium

61
Q

Laceration

A

torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut

62
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

malignant, darkly pigmented tumor or mole on skin

63
Q

Pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

64
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic inflammatory condition consisting of crusty papules forming patches with circular borders

65
Q

rubella

A

contagious viral skin infection; commonly called German measles

66
Q

scabies

A

contagious skin disease caused by egg-laying mite that causes intense itching; often seen in children

67
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

sac under skin filled with sebum or oil from sebaceous gland; can grow to large size and may need to be excised

68
Q

Strawberry hemangioma

A

congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing red birthmark that fades a few months after birth

69
Q

tinea

A

fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions

70
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection of scalp; commonly called ringworm

71
Q

tinea pedis

A

fungal infection of foot; commonly called athlete’s foot

72
Q

varicella

A

contagious viral skin infection; commonly called chickenpox

73
Q

verruca

A

warts; benign neoplasm (tumor) caused by virus; has rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy

74
Q

vitiligo

A

disappearance of pigment from skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance; also called leukoderma

75
Q

alopecia

A

absence or loss of hair, especially of head

76
Q

trichomycosis

A

abnormal condition of hair fungus

77
Q

onychia

A

Infected nail bed

78
Q

onychomycosis

A

abnormal condition of nail fungus

79
Q

onychophagia

A

nail biting

80
Q

paronychia

A

infection around nail

81
Q

culture and sensitivity

A

sample of blood is incubated in laboratory to check for bacterial growth; if bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to

82
Q

biopsy (BX, bx)

A

piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope; used to aid in diagnosis

83
Q

excisional biopsy

A

Entire suspicious area of tissue removed for examination

84
Q

exfoliative cytology

A

scraping cells from tissue and then examining them under microscope

85
Q

frozen section (FS)

A

thin piece of tissue is cut from frozen specimen for rapid examination under a microscope

86
Q

fungal scrapings

A

scrapings, taken with curette or scraper, of tissue from lesions are placed on a growth medium and examined under a microscope to identify fungal growth

87
Q

allograft

A

skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver

88
Q

autograft

A

skin graft from person’s own body

89
Q

dermatome

A

instrument for cutting skin or thin transplants of skin

90
Q

dermatoplasty

A

surgical repair of skin

91
Q

skin graft

A

transfer of skin from normal area to cover another site; used to treat burn victims and after some surgical procedures

92
Q

xenograft

A

skin graft from animal of another species (usually pig); also called heterograft

93
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue using electric current, caustic product, or hot iron, or by freezing

94
Q

cryosurgery

A

exposing tissues to extreme cold in order to destroy them; used in treating malignant tumors and to control pain and bleeding

95
Q

curettage

A

removal of superficial skin lesions with curette (surgical instrument shaped like spoon) or scraper

96
Q

debridement

A

removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from wound

97
Q

electrocautery

A

to destroy tissue with electric current

98
Q

onychectomy

A

removal of a nail

99
Q

chemabrasion

A

abrasion using chemicals; also called a chemical peel

100
Q

dermabrasion

A

abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper

101
Q

laser therapy

A

removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using laser beam that emits intense heat and power at a close range; laser converts frequencies of light into one small, powerful beam

102
Q

liposuction

A

removal of fat beneath skin by means of suction

103
Q

rhytidectomy

A

surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; commonly referred to as a facelift

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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