Chapter 3 - Integumentary System Flashcards
Abrasion
A scraping-away of skin surface by friction
Anhidrosis
Abnormal condition of no sweat
Bulla
Large blister; larger than a vesicle
Comedo
Collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle; also called a blackhead
Contusion
Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling, pain, and bruising; skin is not broken
Cyst
Fluid-filled sac under the skin
Depigmentation
Loss of normal skin color or pigment
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating
Ecchymosis
Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin following blunt trauma to the skin; a bruise
Erythema
Redness or flushing of skin
Erythroderma
Condition of having red or flushed skin
Eschar
Thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over deep burn area
Fissure
Crack-like lesion or groove on skin
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth over body
Hyperemia
Redness of skin due to increased blood flow
Hyperhidrosis
Abnormal condition of excessive sweat
Hyperpigmentation
Abnormal amount of pigmentation in skin
Lesion
General term for wound, injury, or abnormality
Leukoderma
Having skin that appears white because normal skin pigment is absent; may be all the skin or just in some areas
Lipoma
Fatty mass
Macule
Flat, discolored area flush with skin surface; example would be freckle or birthmark
Necrosis
Abnormal condition of death
Nevus
Pigmented skin blemish, birthmark, or mole; usually benign but may become cancerous
Nodule
Firm, solid mass of cells in skin larger than 0.5 cm in diameter
Onychomalacia
Softening of the nails
Pallor
Abnormal paleness of skin
Papule
Small, solid, circular raised spot on surface of skin less than 0.5 cm in diameter
Petechiae
Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding.
Photosensitivity
Condition in which skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light, such as ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun
Pruritus
Severe itching
Purpura
Hemorrhages into skin due to fragile blood vessels that appear dark brown/purplish; commonly seen in older adults
Purulent
Containing pus or infection that is producing pus; pus consists of dead bacteria, white blood cells, and tissue debris
Pustule
Raised spot on skin containing pus
Pyoderma
Presence of pus on or in layers of skin; sign of bacterial infection
Scleroderma
Condition in which skin has lost its elasticity and become hardened
Seborrhea
Oily discharge
Suppurative
Containing or producing pus
Ulcer
Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
Urticaria
Also called hives; skin eruption of pale reddish wheals with severe itching; usually associated with food allergy, stress, or drug reactions
Vesicle
Blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on skin
Wheal
Small, round, swollen area on skin; typically seen in allergic skin reactions such as hives and usually accompanied by urticaria
Xeroderma
Condition in which skin is abnormally dry
Abscess
Collection of pus in skin
Acne
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles resulting in papules and pustules
Acne rosacea
Chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels, primarily on nose and cheeks
Acne vulgaris
Common form of acne seen in teenagers; characterized by comedos, papules, and pustules
Albinism
unable to make melanin
Basal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor of basal cell layer of epidermis; rarely spreads; can arise on sun-exposed skin
Cellulitis
inflammation of cellular or connective tissues
Cicatrix
A scar
Decubitus ulcer
bedsore or pressure sore caused by pressure over bony prominences on body; caused by lack of blood flow
Dermatitis
Inflammation of skin
Dermatosis
Abnormal condition of skin
dry gangrene
late stages of gangrene characterized by affected area becoming black and leathery
eczema
superficial dermatitis accompanied by papules, vesicles, and crusting
gangrene
necrosis of skin usually due to deficient blood supply
ichthyosis
condition in which skin becomes dry, scaly, and keratinized
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients; consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from skin and metastasize to internal organs
keloid
formation of scar after injury or surgery resulting in raised, thickened red area
keratosis
overgrowth and thickening of epithelium
Laceration
torn or jagged wound; incorrectly used to describe a cut
Malignant melanoma
malignant, darkly pigmented tumor or mole on skin
Pediculosis
infestation with lice
Psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition consisting of crusty papules forming patches with circular borders
rubella
contagious viral skin infection; commonly called German measles
scabies
contagious skin disease caused by egg-laying mite that causes intense itching; often seen in children
sebaceous cyst
sac under skin filled with sebum or oil from sebaceous gland; can grow to large size and may need to be excised
Strawberry hemangioma
congenital collection of dilated blood vessels causing red birthmark that fades a few months after birth
tinea
fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions
tinea capitis
fungal infection of scalp; commonly called ringworm
tinea pedis
fungal infection of foot; commonly called athlete’s foot
varicella
contagious viral skin infection; commonly called chickenpox
verruca
warts; benign neoplasm (tumor) caused by virus; has rough surface that is removed by chemicals and/or laser therapy
vitiligo
disappearance of pigment from skin in patches, causing a milk-white appearance; also called leukoderma
alopecia
absence or loss of hair, especially of head
trichomycosis
abnormal condition of hair fungus
onychia
Infected nail bed
onychomycosis
abnormal condition of nail fungus
onychophagia
nail biting
paronychia
infection around nail
culture and sensitivity
sample of blood is incubated in laboratory to check for bacterial growth; if bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to
biopsy (BX, bx)
piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle, knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope; used to aid in diagnosis
excisional biopsy
Entire suspicious area of tissue removed for examination
exfoliative cytology
scraping cells from tissue and then examining them under microscope
frozen section (FS)
thin piece of tissue is cut from frozen specimen for rapid examination under a microscope
fungal scrapings
scrapings, taken with curette or scraper, of tissue from lesions are placed on a growth medium and examined under a microscope to identify fungal growth
allograft
skin graft from one person to another; donor is usually a cadaver
autograft
skin graft from person’s own body
dermatome
instrument for cutting skin or thin transplants of skin
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of skin
skin graft
transfer of skin from normal area to cover another site; used to treat burn victims and after some surgical procedures
xenograft
skin graft from animal of another species (usually pig); also called heterograft
cauterization
destruction of tissue using electric current, caustic product, or hot iron, or by freezing
cryosurgery
exposing tissues to extreme cold in order to destroy them; used in treating malignant tumors and to control pain and bleeding
curettage
removal of superficial skin lesions with curette (surgical instrument shaped like spoon) or scraper
debridement
removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue from wound
electrocautery
to destroy tissue with electric current
onychectomy
removal of a nail
chemabrasion
abrasion using chemicals; also called a chemical peel
dermabrasion
abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper
laser therapy
removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using laser beam that emits intense heat and power at a close range; laser converts frequencies of light into one small, powerful beam
liposuction
removal of fat beneath skin by means of suction
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles; commonly referred to as a facelift
