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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer of heart, which is very smooth and lines chambers of heart

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2
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of muscle; thick and composed of cardiac muscle; layer produces heart contraction

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3
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer of heart; forms part of pericardium

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4
Q

atria

A

two upper chambers of heart; left atrium receives blood returning from lungs, and right atrium receives blood returning from body

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5
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of heart that receive blood from atria and pump it back out of heart; left ventricle pumps blood to body, and right ventricle pumps blood to lungs

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6
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall or septum that divides left and right atria

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7
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall or septum that divides left and right ventricles

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8
Q

tricuspid valve (av valve)

A

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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9
Q

pulmonary valve

A

semilunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery in heart; prevents blood from flowing backwards into ventricle

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10
Q

mitral valve (bicuspid)

A

blood flows through this valve and cannot go back up into the left atrium

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11
Q

aortic valve

A

semilunar valve between left ventricle of heart and aorta in heart; prevents blood from flowing backwards into ventricle

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12
Q

blood vessel: arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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13
Q

blood vessel: capillaries

A

smallest blood or lymphatic vessels; blood capillaries are very thin to allow gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues

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14
Q

blood vessel: Veins

A

blood vessels of cardiovascular system that carry blood toward heart

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15
Q

angiitis

A

inflammation of vessels

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16
Q

angiospasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction of a vessel

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17
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

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18
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that moves from another area

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19
Q

infarct

A

area of tissue within organ that undergoes necrosis (death) following loss of blood supply

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20
Q

ischemia

A

localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction of circulation

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21
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound as soft blowing sound or harsh click; may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away; also called a bruit

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22
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden drop in blood pressure person experiences when standing up suddenly

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23
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heartbeat

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24
Q

plaque

A

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery

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25
Q

regurgitation

A

to flow backwards

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26
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

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27
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by a deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle

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28
Q

cardiac arrest

A

complete stopping of heart activity

29
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup

30
Q

cardiomegaly

A

abnormally enlarged heart

31
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

general term for disease of myocardium that may be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure

32
Q

congenital septal defect

A

defect, present at birth, in wall separating two chambers of heart; results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being carried to surrounding tissues

33
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart

34
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries

35
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of inner lining layer of heart

36
Q

heart valve prolapse

A

cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backwards

37
Q

heart valve stenosis

A

cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff; therefore, they are unable to open fully, making it difficult for blood to flow through, or to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backwards

38
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

condition caused by partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of coronary arteries (heart attack)

39
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of heart muscle

40
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammatory process or disease of pericardium

41
Q

valvulitis

A

inflammation of valve

42
Q

bundle branch block (BBB)

A

occurs when electrical impulse is blocked from travelling down bundle of His or bundle branches

43
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm

44
Q

flutter

A

arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in regular pattern

45
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart rate; more than 100 bpm

46
Q

aneurysm

A

weakness in wall of artery that results in localized widening of artery

47
Q

arteriorrhexis

A

ruptured artery

48
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

condition with thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries

49
Q

atheroma

A

tumor-like collection of fatty substances

50
Q

atherosclerosis

A

caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol buildup on inner walls of arteries

51
Q

coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

A

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

52
Q

hemorrhoid

A

varicose veins in rectum

53
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

54
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

55
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

56
Q

polyarteritis

A

inflammation of many arteries

57
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen and distended veins, usually in legs

58
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within body by using stethoscope

59
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

lab test to determine level of proteins specific to heart muscle in blood.

60
Q

serum lipoprotein level

A

laboratory test to measure amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood

61
Q

angiogram

A

record of a vessel

62
Q

angiography

A

process of taking X-ray of blood or lymphatic vessels after injection of a radiopaque substance

63
Q

echocardiography

A

noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures

64
Q

catheter

A

flexible tube inserted into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body; in cardiovascular system used to place dye into blood vessels so they may be visualized on X-rays; in urinary system used to drain urine from bladder

65
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of electrical activity of heart

66
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording electrical activity of heart

67
Q

holter monitor

A

portable ECG monitor worn by patient for a period of a few hours to a few days to assess heart and pulse activity as person goes through activities of daily living

68
Q

stress testing

A

method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness; patient is placed on treadmill or bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work; EKG and oxygen levels are taken while patient exercises

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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