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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

endocardium

A

inner layer of heart, which is very smooth and lines chambers of heart

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2
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer of muscle; thick and composed of cardiac muscle; layer produces heart contraction

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3
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer of heart; forms part of pericardium

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4
Q

atria

A

two upper chambers of heart; left atrium receives blood returning from lungs, and right atrium receives blood returning from body

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5
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of heart that receive blood from atria and pump it back out of heart; left ventricle pumps blood to body, and right ventricle pumps blood to lungs

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6
Q

interatrial septum

A

wall or septum that divides left and right atria

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7
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall or septum that divides left and right ventricles

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8
Q

tricuspid valve (av valve)

A

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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9
Q

pulmonary valve

A

semilunar valve between right ventricle and pulmonary artery in heart; prevents blood from flowing backwards into ventricle

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10
Q

mitral valve (bicuspid)

A

blood flows through this valve and cannot go back up into the left atrium

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11
Q

aortic valve

A

semilunar valve between left ventricle of heart and aorta in heart; prevents blood from flowing backwards into ventricle

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12
Q

blood vessel: arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

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13
Q

blood vessel: capillaries

A

smallest blood or lymphatic vessels; blood capillaries are very thin to allow gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between blood and tissues

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14
Q

blood vessel: Veins

A

blood vessels of cardiovascular system that carry blood toward heart

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15
Q

angiitis

A

inflammation of vessels

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16
Q

angiospasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction of a vessel

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17
Q

angiostenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

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18
Q

embolus

A

obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that moves from another area

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19
Q

infarct

A

area of tissue within organ that undergoes necrosis (death) following loss of blood supply

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20
Q

ischemia

A

localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction of circulation

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21
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound as soft blowing sound or harsh click; may be soft and heard only with a stethoscope, or so loud it can be heard several feet away; also called a bruit

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22
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

sudden drop in blood pressure person experiences when standing up suddenly

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23
Q

palpitations

A

pounding, racing heartbeat

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24
Q

plaque

A

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in artery

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25
regurgitation
to flow backwards
26
thrombus
blood clot
27
angina pectoris
severe chest pain with sensation of constriction around heart; caused by a deficiency of oxygen to heart muscle
28
cardiac arrest
complete stopping of heart activity
29
cardiac tamponade
pressure on heart as a result of fluid buildup
30
cardiomegaly
abnormally enlarged heart
31
cardiomyopathy
general term for disease of myocardium that may be caused by alcohol abuse, parasites, viral infection, and congestive heart failure
32
congenital septal defect
defect, present at birth, in wall separating two chambers of heart; results in a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood being carried to surrounding tissues
33
congestive heart failure (CHF)
condition of heart in which there is reduced outflow of blood from left side of heart
34
coronary artery disease (CAD)
insufficient blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of one or more coronary arteries
35
endocarditis
inflammation of inner lining layer of heart
36
heart valve prolapse
cusps or flaps of heart valve are too loose and fail to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backwards
37
heart valve stenosis
cusps or flaps of heart valve are too stiff; therefore, they are unable to open fully, making it difficult for blood to flow through, or to shut tightly, allowing blood to flow backwards
38
myocardial infarction (MI)
condition caused by partial or complete occlusion or closing of one or more of coronary arteries (heart attack)
39
myocarditis
inflammation of heart muscle
40
pericarditis
inflammatory process or disease of pericardium
41
valvulitis
inflammation of valve
42
bundle branch block (BBB)
occurs when electrical impulse is blocked from travelling down bundle of His or bundle branches
43
bradycardia
slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm
44
flutter
arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in regular pattern
45
tachycardia
fast heart rate; more than 100 bpm
46
aneurysm
weakness in wall of artery that results in localized widening of artery
47
arteriorrhexis
ruptured artery
48
arteriosclerosis
condition with thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of walls of arteries
49
atheroma
tumor-like collection of fatty substances
50
atherosclerosis
caused by formation of yellowish plaques of cholesterol buildup on inner walls of arteries
51
coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
52
hemorrhoid
varicose veins in rectum
53
hypertension
high blood pressure
54
hypotension
low blood pressure
55
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
56
polyarteritis
inflammation of many arteries
57
varicose veins
swollen and distended veins, usually in legs
58
auscultation
listening to sounds within body by using stethoscope
59
cardiac biomarkers
lab test to determine level of proteins specific to heart muscle in blood.
60
serum lipoprotein level
laboratory test to measure amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood
61
angiogram
record of a vessel
62
angiography
process of taking X-ray of blood or lymphatic vessels after injection of a radiopaque substance
63
echocardiography
noninvasive diagnostic method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures
64
catheter
flexible tube inserted into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body; in cardiovascular system used to place dye into blood vessels so they may be visualized on X-rays; in urinary system used to drain urine from bladder
65
electrocardiogram
record of electrical activity of heart
66
electrocardiography
process of recording electrical activity of heart
67
holter monitor
portable ECG monitor worn by patient for a period of a few hours to a few days to assess heart and pulse activity as person goes through activities of daily living
68
stress testing
method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness; patient is placed on treadmill or bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work; EKG and oxygen levels are taken while patient exercises

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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