Chapter 4 - Musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What structure attaches bone to bone?
Ligament
Anatomical name for kneecap
Patella
Anatomical name for collar bone
Clavicle
Anatomical name for shoulder blade
scapula
Anatomical name for shin bone
tibia
Anatomical name for upper leg bone; thigh bone
Femur
Anatomical name for toe bones
Phalanges
Anatomical name for bones in palm of hand
Metacarpus
Three muscle types
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Abduction
Movement away from midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward midline of the body
Flexion
Act of bending or being bent
Extension
movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition
dorsiflexion
backward bending, as of hand or foot
Plantar flexion
bend sole of foot; point toes downward
eversion
turning outward
inversion
turning inward
pronation
to turn downward or backward, as with hand or foot
supination
turn palm or foot upward
elevation
to raise a body part, shrugging the shoulders is an example
depression
A downward movement, dropping the shoulders is an example
closed fracture
simple fracture with no open skin or wound
Colles’ fracture
common type of wrist fracture
comminuted fracture
fracture in which bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many pieces or fragments; fracture is completely through bone
compound fracture
open fracture in which skin has been broken through by fracture
compression fracture
fracture involving loss of height of vertebral body
fracture (FX, Fx)
broken bone
greenstick fracture
fracture in which there is incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; this type of fracture is commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure
impacted fracture
fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other
oblique fracture
fracture at angle to bone
pathologic fracture
fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone
spiral fracture
fracture in S-shaped spiral; can be caused by twisting injury
stress fracture
slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces, like running, rather than single forceful impact
transverse fracture
complete fracture straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone
Pertaining to carpus
carpal
pertaining to neck
cervical
pertaining to clavicle
clavicular
pertaining to coccyx
coccygeal
pertaining to outer layer
cortical
pertaining to rib
costal
pertaining to skull
cranial
pertaining to femur
femoral
pertaining to fibula
fibular
pertaining to humerus
humeral
pertaining to ilium
iliac
pertaining to between vertebrae
intervertebral
pertaining to within skull
intracranial
pertaining to ischium
ischial
pertaining to low back
lumbar
pertaining to mandible
mandibular
pertaining to maxilla
maxillary
pertaining to inner region
medullary
pertaining to metacarpus
metacarpal
pertaining to metatarsus
metatarsal
pertaining to patella
patellar
pertaining to phalanges
phalangeal
pertaining to pubis
pubic
pertaining to radius
radial
pertaining to sacrum
sacral
pertaining to scapula
scapular
pertaining to spine
spinal
pertaining to sternum
sternal
pertaining to tarsus
tarsal
pertaining to thorax
thoracic
pertaining to tibia
tibial
pertaining to ulna
ulnar
pertaining to a vertebra
vertebral