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Developmental Psychology > Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood Flashcards

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1
Q

Abrupt awakening from a deep sleep in a state of agitation, generally occurs in young children

a. night terror
b. sleep walking
c. sleep talking
d. nightmare

A

a. Night terror

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2
Q

Walking around and sometimes performing other functions while asleep.

a. enuresis
b. nightmare
c. night terror
d. sleep walking

A

d. Sleepwalking

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3
Q

Talking while asleep.

a. night terror
b. sleep talking
c. nightmare
d. enuresis

A

b. sleep talking

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4
Q

A bad dream, sometimes brought on by staying up late, eatinga heavy meal close to bedtime, or overexcitement.

a. Nightmare
b. Enuresis
c. Sleep disturbances
d. Bed-wetting

A

a. Nightmare

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5
Q

Repeated urination in clothing or in bed.

a. Bed-wetting
b. Enuresis
c. Night terror
d. Sleepwalking.

A

b. Enuresis

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6
Q

Physical skills that involve the large muscles.

a. Systems of action
b. Brain development
c. Gross motor skills
d. Fine motor skills

A

c. Gross motor skills

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7
Q

Physical skills that involve the small musckes and eye-hand coordination.

a. Fine motor skills
b. Brain development
c. Enuresis
d. Gross motor skills

A

a. Fine motor skills

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8
Q

Increasingly complex combinations of motor skills, which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment.

a. Motor skills
b. Brain development
c. Sleep disturbances
d. Systems of action

A

d. Systems of action

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9
Q

Tooth decay, cavities

a. Oral health
b. Dental caries
c. Food alergies
d. Tartar

A

b. Dental caries

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10
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the second major stage of cognitive development, in which symbolic thought expands but children cannot yet use logic effectively.

a. Preoperational stage
b. Symbolic function
c. Environmental pollutants
d. Animism

A

a. Preoperational stage

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11
Q

Piaget’s term for ability to use mental reoresentations (words, numbers, or images) to which a child has attached meaning.

a. Transduction
b. Animism
c. Pretend play
d. Symbolic function

A

d. Symbolic function

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12
Q

Play involving imaginary people and situations; also called fantasy play, dramatic play, or imaginative play.

a. Pretent play
b. Centration
c. Transduction
d. Pragmatics

A

a. Pretend play

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13
Q

Piaget’s term for preoperational child’s tendency to mentally link particular phenomena, whether or not there is logically a causal relationship.

a. Symbolic function
b. Pretend play
c. Transduction
d. Animism

A

c. Transduction

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14
Q

Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive.

a. Transduction
b. Animism
c. Rehearsal
d. Pretend play

A

b. Animism

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15
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the tendency of preoperational childrem to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others.

a. Conservation
b. Irreversibility
c. Centration
d. Decenter

A

c. Centration

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16
Q

In Piaget’s terminology, to think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation.

a. Centration
b. Conservation
c. Decenter
d. Egocentrism

A

c. Decenter

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17
Q

Piaget’s term for inability to consider another person’s point of view; a characteristic of young children’s thought.

a. Centration
b. Egocentrism
c. Irreversibillity
d. Conservation

A

b. Egocentrism

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18
Q

Piaget’s term for awareness that two objects that are equal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing has been added to or taken away from either object.

a. Conservation
b. Irreversibility
c. Encoding
d. Egocentrism

A

a. Conservation

19
Q

Piaget’s teem for a preoperational child’s failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions.

a. Irreversibility
b. Conservation
c. Egocentrism
d. Decenter

A

a. Irreversibility

20
Q

Awareness and understanding of mental processes.

a. False beliefs and depression
b. Knowledge about thinking and mental state
c. Distinguishing between Fantasy and Reality
d. Theory of mind

A

d. Theory of mind

21
Q

Process by which information is prepared for long-term storage and later retrieval.

a. Encoding
b. Metamemory
C. Memory
d. Storage

A

a. Encoding

22
Q

Retention of information in memory for future use.

a. Retrieval
b. Storage
c. Recall
d. Metacognition

A

b. Storage

23
Q

Process by which information is accessed or recalled from memory storage.

a. Long-term memory
b. Metamemory
c. Retrieval
d. Encoding

A

c. Retrieval

24
Q

Initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.

a. Encoding
b. Storage
c. Retrieval
d. Sensory memory

A

d. Sensory memory

25
Q

Short-term storage of information being actively processed.

a. Long-term memory
b. Short-term memory
c. Sensory memory
d. Working memory

A

d. Working memory

26
Q

Storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for long periods.

a. Working memory
b. Sensory memory
c. Long-term memory
d. Short-term memory

A

c. Long-term memory

27
Q

In Baddeley’s model, element of working memory that controls the processing of information.

a. Recognition
b. Central executive
c. Recall
d. Sensory memory

A

b. Centeal executive

28
Q

Ability to identify a previosly encountered stimulus.

a. Recognition
b. Retrieval
c. Recall
d. Storage

A

a. Recognition

29
Q

Understanding of process of memory.

a. Storage
b. Metamemory
c. Metacognition
d. Working memory

A

b. Metamemory

30
Q

Thinking about thinking, or awareness of one’s own mental processes.

a. Metamemory
b. Sensory memory
c. Memory
d. Metacognition

A

d. Metacognition

31
Q

Memory that produces scripts of familiar routines to guide behavior.

a. Metamemory
b. Metacognition
c. Generic memory
d. Sensory memory

A

c. Generic memory

32
Q

General remembered outline of a familiar, repeated event, used to guide behavior.

a. Script
b. Recall
c. Episodic memory
d. Memory retention

A

a. Script

33
Q

Long-term memory of specific ecperiences or events, linked to time and place.

a. Generic memory
b. Episodic memory
c. Autobiographical memory
d. Sensory memory

A

b. Episodic memory

34
Q

Memory of specific events in one’s life.

a. Script
b. Generic memory
c. Episodic memory
d. Autobiographical memory

A

d. Autobiographical memory

35
Q

Model, based on Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, tgaf proposes children construct autobiographical memories through conversation with adults about shared events.

a. Social interaction model
b. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
c. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-IV)
d. Influences on measured intelligence

A

a. Social interaction model

36
Q

Individual intellegence tests for ages 2 and up used to measure fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

a. Influences on measured intelligence
b. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligenc, Revised (WPPSI-IV)
c. Social interaction model
d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

A

d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

37
Q

Individual intelligence test for chikdren, which yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.

a. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scake of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-IV)
b. Influences on measured intelligence
c. Social interaction model
d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

A

a. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scake of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-IV)

38
Q

Vygotsky’s term for the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help.

a. Fast-mapping
b. Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
c. Scaffolding
d. Recall

A

b. Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

39
Q

Temporary support to helo a child master a task.

a. Fast-mapping
b. Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
c. Scaffolding
d. Recall

A

c. Scaffolding

40
Q

Processby which a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.

a. Vocabulary
b. Private speech
c. Pragmatics
d. Fast mapping

A

d. Fast mapping

41
Q

The practical knowledge needed to use language for coommunicative purposes; The social context of language.

a. Pragmatics
b. Vocabulary
c. Grammar
d. Literacy

A

a. Pragmatics

42
Q

Talkimg aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others.

a. Social speech
b. Pragmatics
c. Private speech
d. Vocabulary

A

c. Private speech

43
Q

Speech intended to be understood by others.

a. Private speech
b. Pragmatics
c. Grammar
d. Social speech

A

d. Socialspeech

44
Q

Preschooler’s development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that underlie reading and writing.

a. Speech
b. Literacy
c. Emergent literacy
d. Language

A

c. Emergent literacy

Developmental Psychology (12 decks)

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