Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood Flashcards
age group of middle and late childhood?
6 to10/11ish
know some physical changes that happens during middle and late childhood:
-grows 2-3 inches and 5-7 pounds a year
-synaptic pruning in the brain
-connectivity between brain regions increases
-increased myelination influences the improvement of fine motor skills (think small precise movements)
why is exercise and health so important during this stage?
benefits children’s attention, memory, executive function, inhibitory control, creativity, and academic success
what is a learning disabilty?
achievement is substantially below the expected for the age group, schooling and level of intelligence
know the 3 types of learning disabilities:
-dyslexia: difficulty reading
-dysgraphia: difficulty writing
-dyscalculia: difficulty math
know what attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is and possible treatment:
-inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
-treatment: combination of stimulant medication and behavior management
what are the possible diagnoses for ADHD?
-ADHD w predominantly inattention
-ADHD w predominantly hyperactivity/impulsivity
-ADHD combined type (most common)
understand what Autism Spectrum disorders are:
problems in social interaction , communication and repetitive behaviors
-could also have atypical responses to sensory experiences
why are individualized education plans (IEPs) to children with disabilities of all kinds?
gives students, educators and parents the tools to improve results at the child’s pace
what stage are we in during middle/late childhood according to Piaget?
The Concrete Operational Stage
note: the age group is from 7-11 years old
understand what occurs during the Concrete Operational Stage
-can perform concrete operations and can reason logically about concrete examples
-pass the conservation test
-can consider several characteristics/variables at the same time (ex: height, weight, width, volume)
-has the ability to classify and consider interrelationships (ex: family trees)
-transitivity: the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
understand how the mind manages information during middle/late childhood:
-memory improvements (long term increases with age and working memory is used more)
-improvements in ability to sustain and control attention
understand the difference between critical thinking vs. creative thinking:
-critical: thinking reflectively and productively (thinking w logic and reasoning)
-creative: ability to think in novels and unusual ways and come up with unique solutions to problems (thinking outside the box)
understand the difference between Metacognition and Executive Function
Metacognition: thinking about thinking or knowing about knowing (learning from mistakes)
Executive Function: umbrella-like concept that encompasses several higher-level cognitive processes (self-control, working memory, flexibility)
what is intelligence?
the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experiences
who are Alfred Binet and William Stern and why are they important?
Binet developed the concept of mental age (Binet’s Test) and Stern created the concept of intelligence quotient (IQ)
understand what the types of intelligence:
-analytical intelligence: the ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast
-practical intelligence: the ability to use, apply, implement and put ideas into practices
-creative intelligence: the ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine
be able to interpret differences in IQ scores:
-genetic influence
-environmental influence
-group and cultural influence
what is intellectual disability?
a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ (below 70) and has difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life
in terms of intelligence, what does it mean to be gifted?
to be above-average intelligence (IQ=above 130) and has superior talent for something
how does language development increase in middle to late childhood?
-able to use complex grammar
-making progress in understanding how to use language in culturally appropriate ways (pragmatics)
-as they practice more, the processing of words and passages in books becomes more automatic
