Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years Flashcards
the process in which certain functions are located more in one hemisphere than the other
Lateralization
Controlling, punitive, rigid and cold and whose word is law; they value strict, unquestioning obedience from their children and do not tolerate expressions of disagreement; low communication.
Authoritarian
Lax and inconsistent feedback and require little of their children; high nurturance and communication but rare punishment, guidance, control.
Permissive
Firm, setting clear and consistent limits, but try to reason with their children, explaining why they should behave in a particular way; listens to the child and are flexible
Authoritative
The 3 Parenting styles
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
The emotion and memory system (Limbic), comprising the hippocampus and amygdale, can be permanently altered as a result of childhood abuse.
What can cause this?
Spanking
- Delayed development: Slow growth
- Immature communication
- Lack of curiosity
- Unusual social interaction, feel incompetent
- Will affect the lifespane
Symptoms of Child Maltreatment and the Brain.
“memory” of particular events from one’s own life, achieves little accuracy until after three years of age. Accuracy then increases gradually and slowly throughout the preschool years.
abm
Autobiographical memory
Preschoolers’ memories of familiar events are often organized in terms of ________, broad representations in memory of events and the order in which they occur.
scripts
- Baby fat => Sturdier bones and muscle: age 5 the BMI is at lowest.
- Each year from the age 2-6, well-nourished children add 3 inches in height and gain about 4 1/2.
- Growth rate preschool period is slower than during.
Growth Patterns
Speed of Thought
- Better thinking and coordination
Myelination
- Planning + analyzing
- Focus attention, impulse control
- language comprehension
- working memory
PFC Maturation
Prefrontal Cortex Maturation:
- Stick to 1 thought or action
- Routine + Preferences
Perseveration
Prefrontal Cortex Maturation:
*___________ is good for growth, prolonged = impairs. (Meeting new friends, starting kindergarden)
Moderate stress
Prefrontal Cortex Maturation:
___________ is very important for brain development.
Kids love doing this all the time, think muppet babies
Pretend Play
according to Vygotsky, the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, perform a task independently, but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth.
think of support beams
Scaffolding
the aspect of language that relates to communicating effectively and appropriately with others
Pragmatics
speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves
private speech
a process in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter.
fast mapping
the way in which an individual combines words and phrases to form sentences and doubles each month.
syntax
speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by that person
think coding in social situations
social speech
1st Erikson’s Stage:
Trust vs Mistrust
(Newborn - 1 year)
2nd Erikson’s Stage:
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Toddlerhood
1 to 2 years
3rd Erikson’s Stage:
Initiative vs. guilt
Preschooler
3 to 5 years
4th Erikson’s Stage:
Competence vs. inferiority
Elementary School
6 years to puberty
education that is based on both typical development and the unique characteristics of a given child
daep
developmentally appropriate educational practice
ZPD stands for?
Zone of Proximal Development
In the preschool years, children rapidly increase in linguistic ability, developing an improved sense of grammar and shifting gradually from ______ to _____ ______.
private to social speech
_______ can affect children’s language development by limiting the opportunities for parents and other caregivers to interact linguistically with children.
think white privileged
Poverty
Language Development: Preschool Years
Age ______. various combinations (______) of words and phrases reach 1000+ to form meaningful sentences
Age 3 , (Syntax)
Language Development: Preschool Years
Age __ : Average vocabulary around 14,000 words
Age 6
the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects
(what you see is what you think)
centration
thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others
(the inability to take others’ perspective)
egocentric thought
thinking that reflects preschoolers’ use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world
the “why” of EVERYTHNG
“thought”
intuitive thought
