Chapter 11 Adolescence

Question 1

The developmental stage that lies between childhood and adulthood

Answer 1

adolescence

Question 2

the period during which the sexual organs mature, begins when the pituitary gland in the brain signals other glands in children’s bodies to begin producing the sex hormones, androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones), at adult levels.

Answer 2

puberty

Question 3

The _______ ______ also signals the body to increase production of growth hormones that interact with the sex hormones to cause the growth spurt and puberty. In addition, the hormone leptin appears to play a role in the start of puberty.

*The Big Show*

Answer 3

pituitary gland

Question 4

a hormone released from the fat cells located in adipose tissues, sends signals to the hypothalamus in the brain.

*help the body maintain its weight*

Answer 4

leptin

Question 5

the onset of menstruation and probably the most obvious signal of puberty in girls.

Answer 5

menarche

Question 6

_______ _______ occur when a physical characteristic changes over the course of several generations, such as earlier onset of menstruation or increased height that has occurred as a result of better nutrition over the centuries.

Answer 6

secular trends

Question 7

________ ___ _________ are the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve the sex organs directly.

*pubic hair and breast*

Answer 7

secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

In girls, the development of ________ ___ ________ involves changes in the vagina and uterus.

Answer 8

primary sex characteristics

Question 9

A boy’s first ejaculation, known as _________ , usually occurs around the age of 13, more than a year after the body has begun producing sperm.

Answer 9

spermarche

Question 10

The _________ _________ stage is the stage at which people develop the ability to think abstractly.

Answer 10

formal operational

Question 11

__________ _________ is reasoning that uses abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples.

Answer 11

Propositional thought

Question 12

________ _________ a severe eating disorder in which individuals refuse to eat, while denying that their behavior and appearance, which may become skeletal, are out of the ordinary.

Answer 12

anorexia nervosa

Question 13

________ an eating disorder characterized by binges on large quantities of food, followed by purges of the food through vomiting or the use of laxatives.

Answer 13

bulimia

Question 14

One specific area of the brain that undergoes considerable development throughout adolescence is the prefrontal cortex, which is not fully developed until around the _____ _______ .

Answer 14

early twenties

Question 15

The ________ _______ is the part of the brain that allows people to think, evaluate, and make complex judgments in a uniquely human way. It underlies the increasingly complex intellectual achievements that are possible during adolescence.

Answer 15

prefrontal cortex

Question 16

________ _______ _______ the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information.

ipp

Answer 16

information processing perspective

Question 17

____________ the knowledge that people have about their own thinking processes and their ability to monitor their cognition

Answer 17

metacognition

Question 18

____________ _________ is a state of self-absorption in which the world is viewed as focused on oneself.

This makes adolescents highly critical of authority figures such as parents and teachers, unwilling to accept criticism, and quick to find fault with others’ behavior

Answer 18

adolescent egocentrism

Question 19

The ________ __________ is usually perceived as focusing on the one thing that adolescents think most about: themselves. Unfortunately, these scenarios may suffer from the same kind of egocentrism as the rest of their thinking.

a student sitting in a class may be sure a teacher is focusing on her, and a teenager at a basketball game is likely to be convinced that everyone around is focusing on the pimple on his chin.

Answer 19

imaginary audience

Question 20

the view that what happens to them is unique, exceptional, and shared by no one else.

• teenagers whose romantic relationships have ended may feel that no one has ever experienced the hurt they feel, that no one has ever been treated so badly, that no one can understand what they are going through.*
• also, risk-taking*
• “pie master!”*

Answer 20

personal fables

Question 21

1. According to the ________ ________ _________ , the cognitive advances of adolescence are quantitative and gradual, involving improvements in many aspects of thinking and memory.
2. Improved ___________ enables the monitoring of thought processes and of mental capacities.

Answer 21

1. information processing perspective
2. metacognition

Question 22

1. ______________ corresponds to Piaget’s formal operations period, a stage characterized by abstract reasoning and an experimental approach to problems.

Answer 22

1. Adolescence

Question 23

1. Adolescents are susceptible to adolescent __________ and the perception that an imaginary audience is constantly observing their behavior.
2. They also construct ________ ______ that stress their uniqueness and immunity to harm.

Answer 23

1. egocentrism
2. personal fables

Question 24

1. Academic performance is linked in complex ways to ___________ ______ and to race and ethnicity.

Answer 24

1. socioeconomic status