Chapter 7 Pancreas Flashcards
Performs exocrrine function, secreting digestive enzymes
Acini cells
Performs exocrine function, secreting glucagon
Alpha cells
Enzyme that digests carbs
Amylase
Performs endocrine function, secreting insulin
Beta cells
Performs endocrine function, secreting somatostatin
Delta cells
Secreting into blood or tissue
Endocrine
Secreting into a duct
Exocrine
Hormone secreted by the alpha cells, functions to increase activity of phosphorylase
Glucagon
Endocrine portion of the pancreas made up of alpha and beta cells that produce insulin and glucagon
Islets of Langerhans
Fat- digestive enzyme
Lipase
An abnormal cavity resembling a true cyst but not lined with epithelium
Pseudocyst
Diffuse inflammatory reaction to infection spreading along fascial pathways, producing edema
Phlegmon
Hormone secreted by delta cells, functions to regulate insulin and glucagon production
Somatostatin
What portion of the pancreas is found anterior to the IVC and posterior to the SMV
Uncinate process
What portion of the pancreas lies just anterior to the portal confluence
Neck
What congenital annomaly of the pancreas in which the head of the pancreas surrounds the duodenum, frequently causing complete or partial duodenal stenosis or atresia
Annular pancreas
What cell produces insulin
Beta
What laboratory values are used most often to diagnose pancreatic disease
Amylase and Lipase
A normal main pancreatic duct located in the pancreatic head should not exceed what measurment
3.5 mm
In the transverse view of the pancreatic head, which vessel can be seen anterior to the CBD
Gastroduodenal artery
What organ provides the best acoustic window to the pancrease
Left lobe of the liver
What is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor
Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas typically occur in what portion of the pancreas
Head
What is the most common islet cell tumor
Insulinoma
What is the most common cystic lesion found within or near the pancreas
Pancreatic pseudocyst
What 3 things does the body of the pancreas lie anterior to
1) Aorta
2) SMA
3) Left renal vein
What is another name for the main pancreatic duct
Duct of Wirsung
How is the head of the pancreas located to the IVC
Anterior
How is the CBD located to the head of the pancreas
Posterolateral
The SMA and SMV are located how to the neck of the pancreas
Posterior
How is the aorta located to the body of the pancreas
Posterior
Where is the celiac axis located to the pancreas
Superior
Where is the SMV located in relationship to the SMA
to the right
Which structure does the common bile duct join prior to terminating at the major duodenal papilla
Pancreatic duct
What is the classification of an annular pancreas
Congenital anomaly
What enzyme is secreted by the pancreas that is essential to the digestion and absorption of essential nutrients
Lipase
What type of gland secretes its products into blood or cellular tissue
Endocrine
Locating the IVC, SMV, and gastroduodenal artery helps identify what portion of the pancreas
Head
What vessel courses to the patients right and is located posterior to the pancreas
Splenic vein
Where is the uncinate process relative to the head of the pancreas
Posterior
What pancreatic function occurs in the islets of Langerhans
Endocrine
What term best describes the pancreatic hormone insulin
Endocrine
In a longitudinal scan, what portion of the pancreas is located between the aorta and the SMA
Uncinate process
Normally, the echogenicity of the pancreas is equal to or greater than that of which organ
Liver
What is the most common cause of a pancreatic pseudocyst in an adult patient
Acute pancreatitis
Neoplasms of which origin comprise the largest group of pancreatic tumors
Exocrine
What is the upper normal limit for the AP diameter of the pancreatic duct in the adult patient
2.0 mm
When other approaches fail, what pancreatic portion may be scanned through the left kidney on a patient in the prone position
Tail
What is the name of the accessory pancreatic duct
Duct of Santorini
What enzyme digests carbs
Amylase
