Chapter 2 Abdominal wall and diaphragm Flashcards
A cavity containing dead tissue and pus that forms due to an infectious process
Abscess
Skin discoloration caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues, which often referred to as a bruise
Ecchymosis
Redness of the skin due to inflammation
Erythema
Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis
Linea Alba
A congenital defect in the midline abdominal wall that allows abdominal organs, such as bowel and live, to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord
Omphalocele
Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the GI tract that forces food through it
Peristalsis
Collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the chest wall and lung
Pneumothorax
Layers of flat fibrous sheet composed of strong connective tissue, which serve as tendons to attach muscles to fixed points
Aponeurosis
Fibrous tissue network that is richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves located between the skin and underlying structure
Fascia
Fluid collection in the pleural cavity
Pleural effusion
Anatomical area where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity and is a potential site for hernias
Inguinal canal
What transducer is best suited for a sonographic exam of the superficial abdominal wall
12 MHz linear array
In order to determine if an abscess is intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, what structure must the sonographer demonstrate
Peritoneal line
What is the most common content in an abdominal wall hernia
Fat
What is the most common type of ventral hernia
Umbilical
What is the most common benign tumor of the abdominal wall
Lipoma
What is another term for pleural effusion
Hydrothorax
The ventral cavity is separated by the diaphragm into what 2 cavities
Thoracic and Abdomino pelvic
The superficial fascia inferior to the umbilicus is divided into what 2 layers
Camper and Scarpa
This fascia is a fatty layer that contains small vessels and nerves
Camper
What lines the abdominopelvic cavity and is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue
Parietal Peritoneum
A fibrous compartment that contains the rectus abdomnis, pyramidalis muscle, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves
Rectus Sheath
Name the 3 paired muscles that the posterior wall is composed of
Psoas major, Iliacus, and Quadratus Lumborium
Sonographically, how is the diaphragm seen in child and adults and as fetuses
Hyperechoic band in children and adults and hypoechoic in fetuses
Name the 4 clinical indications of an inflammatory response
Heat, Redness, Pain, and Swelling
What is the typical shape of an abcess
Spherical or elliptical
What are the 2 main categories of abdominal wall hernais
Ventral and Groin
2 complications that can occur with midline hernias include
Strangulation and Incarceration
Sonographically, how is a pleural effusion diagnosed
When fluid is visualized superior to the diaphragm
The abdomen is divided into how many regions and quadrants
9 regions and 4 quadrants
What are the 3 flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
External oblique (most superficial), Internal oblique (middle layer), Transversus abdominis
What 3 parts do abdominal wall hernias consist of
The sac, the contents in the sac, and the covering of the sac
Which diaphragmatic crura is larger and longer
Right
The diaphragm is formed between what weeks of gestation
4th-12th
Generally associated with muscular trauma that results in hemorrhage
Hematoma
What is the sonographic appearance of the normal visceral peritoneum
Nondistinct or same as surrounding viscera
Where does freely mobile fluid primarily drain
Dependent body side
Which space or void is considered an anatomically true peritoneal space
Lesser sac (omental bursa)
Which channel communicates between the supracolic and infracolic compartments
Paracolic gutters
Which ascites is characterized by a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid material derived from cells
Exudative
What potential space separates the pancreas from the stomach
Lesser sac
When speaking of abdominal parietal spaces, normally it refers to what type of space
Potential
Seperation of the liver away from the abdominal wall and bowel may be sign of which pathology
Ascites
What extrahepatic anechoic collection of bile is located within the peritoneal cavity
Biloma
What term describes thickening of the greater omentum caused by malignant infiltration
Omental caking
Which peritoneal space is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus
Uterovesicle space