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abdomen and superficial structures > Chapter 2 Abdominal wall and diaphragm > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Abdominal wall and diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

A cavity containing dead tissue and pus that forms due to an infectious process

A

Abscess

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2
Q

Skin discoloration caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissues, which often referred to as a bruise

A

Ecchymosis

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3
Q

Redness of the skin due to inflammation

A

Erythema

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4
Q

Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

A

Linea Alba

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5
Q

A congenital defect in the midline abdominal wall that allows abdominal organs, such as bowel and live, to protrude through the wall into the base of the umbilical cord

A

Omphalocele

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6
Q

Rhythmic wavelike contraction of the GI tract that forces food through it

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

Collapsed lung that occurs when air leaks into the space between the chest wall and lung

A

Pneumothorax

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8
Q

Layers of flat fibrous sheet composed of strong connective tissue, which serve as tendons to attach muscles to fixed points

A

Aponeurosis

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9
Q

Fibrous tissue network that is richly supplied by blood vessels and nerves located between the skin and underlying structure

A

Fascia

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10
Q

Fluid collection in the pleural cavity

A

Pleural effusion

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11
Q

Anatomical area where vessels can enter and exit the abdominal cavity and is a potential site for hernias

A

Inguinal canal

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12
Q

What transducer is best suited for a sonographic exam of the superficial abdominal wall

A

12 MHz linear array

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13
Q

In order to determine if an abscess is intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal, what structure must the sonographer demonstrate

A

Peritoneal line

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14
Q

What is the most common content in an abdominal wall hernia

A

Fat

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15
Q

What is the most common type of ventral hernia

A

Umbilical

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16
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the abdominal wall

A

Lipoma

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17
Q

What is another term for pleural effusion

A

Hydrothorax

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18
Q

The ventral cavity is separated by the diaphragm into what 2 cavities

A

Thoracic and Abdomino pelvic

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19
Q

The superficial fascia inferior to the umbilicus is divided into what 2 layers

A

Camper and Scarpa

20
Q

This fascia is a fatty layer that contains small vessels and nerves

A

Camper

21
Q

What lines the abdominopelvic cavity and is formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and supporting connective tissue

A

Parietal Peritoneum

22
Q

A fibrous compartment that contains the rectus abdomnis, pyramidalis muscle, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves

A

Rectus Sheath

23
Q

Name the 3 paired muscles that the posterior wall is composed of

A

Psoas major, Iliacus, and Quadratus Lumborium

24
Q

Sonographically, how is the diaphragm seen in child and adults and as fetuses

A

Hyperechoic band in children and adults and hypoechoic in fetuses

25
Q

Name the 4 clinical indications of an inflammatory response

A

Heat, Redness, Pain, and Swelling

26
Q

What is the typical shape of an abcess

A

Spherical or elliptical

27
Q

What are the 2 main categories of abdominal wall hernais

A

Ventral and Groin

28
Q

2 complications that can occur with midline hernias include

A

Strangulation and Incarceration

29
Q

Sonographically, how is a pleural effusion diagnosed

A

When fluid is visualized superior to the diaphragm

30
Q

The abdomen is divided into how many regions and quadrants

A

9 regions and 4 quadrants

31
Q

What are the 3 flat, bilaterally paired muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

External oblique (most superficial), Internal oblique (middle layer), Transversus abdominis

32
Q

What 3 parts do abdominal wall hernias consist of

A

The sac, the contents in the sac, and the covering of the sac

33
Q

Which diaphragmatic crura is larger and longer

A

Right

34
Q

The diaphragm is formed between what weeks of gestation

A

4th-12th

35
Q

Generally associated with muscular trauma that results in hemorrhage

A

Hematoma

36
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of the normal visceral peritoneum

A

Nondistinct or same as surrounding viscera

37
Q

Where does freely mobile fluid primarily drain

A

Dependent body side

38
Q

Which space or void is considered an anatomically true peritoneal space

A

Lesser sac (omental bursa)

39
Q

Which channel communicates between the supracolic and infracolic compartments

A

Paracolic gutters

40
Q

Which ascites is characterized by a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid material derived from cells

A

Exudative

41
Q

What potential space separates the pancreas from the stomach

A

Lesser sac

42
Q

When speaking of abdominal parietal spaces, normally it refers to what type of space

A

Potential

43
Q

Seperation of the liver away from the abdominal wall and bowel may be sign of which pathology

A

Ascites

44
Q

What extrahepatic anechoic collection of bile is located within the peritoneal cavity

A

Biloma

45
Q

What term describes thickening of the greater omentum caused by malignant infiltration

A

Omental caking

46
Q

Which peritoneal space is located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the uterus

A

Uterovesicle space

abdomen and superficial structures (11 decks)

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