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Networking > Chapter 7 networks > Flashcards

Chapter 7 networks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a WAN

A

wide area network, connecting LANs

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2
Q

How do LANs and WANs differ?

A

Layers 1 & 2 of the OSI model, access methods, topologies & media

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3
Q

How do WANs transmit data?

A

public communication networks vs LANs that are internal and owned by a company

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4
Q

What is a NSP

A

network service provider

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5
Q

How do organizations get dedicated lines?

A

they lease dedicated lines

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6
Q

How do dedicated lines differ?

A

capacity and transmission characteristics differ

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7
Q

What is a WAN link?

A

how WANS are interconnected.

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8
Q

How is a LAN topology different from a WAN topology?

A

same patterns, longer distances.

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9
Q

BUS topology

A

on a line, if one fails the remainder fail, does not grow (scale) well

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10
Q

Ring topology

A

in a ring, if one fails the direction of data travel can be reversed, only practical for 4-5 sites

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11
Q

Star topology

A

Single site is the central connection point, if a site fails only that site loses connectivity, shorter data paths

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12
Q

drawback of Star

A

if the central site is overwhelmed with data, the whole system will fail

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13
Q

Mesh topology

A

interconnected, no site will bring down the whole system. Very expensive

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14
Q

Partial mesh

A

the most important places are interconnected, and the lower level places have a star topology

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15
Q

Tiered topology

A

most flexible, easy to expand, hierarchical

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16
Q

PSTN?

A

Public Switched Telephone network. Sometimes POTS plain old telephone service

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17
Q

What is dial-up?

A

using the telephone lines, fixed connection time

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18
Q

What kind of line does dial-up use>

A

PSTN Public switched telephone.

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19
Q

Why is a modem usually necessary in dial up?

A

Because PSTN is analog and the modem switches signals to digital

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20
Q

What is PON

A

passive optical network

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21
Q

what is FTTP

A

Fiber to premises

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22
Q

What is FTTH

A

Fiber to home

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23
Q

What is OLT

A

Optical line terminal that splits a signal into 32 channels

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24
Q

Where does a fiber optic network end?

A

ONU optical network unit

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25
Q

What is ISDN?

A

Integrated Services Digital Network that transmits over PSTN , used to connect data and voice signals 1992

26
Q

On which layers does ISDN work?

A

physical, data link, and transport layers

27
Q

How is ISDN unique?

A

can carry two voice calls and one data line at one time, does not covert to analog

28
Q

What are BRI & PRI?

A

the two types of ISDN available in N. America. Basic Rate Interface & Primary Rate Interface

29
Q

What does BRI have?

A

two B channels and one D channel 2B+D

30
Q

How much throughput does BRI Have?

A

Two 64 Kbps channels combine to make 128Kbps and 16-64 on the D channel

31
Q

How is PRI better than BRI?

A

23 B channels, 64 Kbps D channel 23B+D = ma of 1.544 Mbps

32
Q

What is T carrier technology?

A

for high data transmission

33
Q

what is a T1 channel?

A

each circuit has 24 channels, each with 64 Kbps, so one T1 Channel has 1.544 Mbps speed

34
Q

Why is shielded cable preferable for T1 lines?

A

the signal is digital, so the less interference the better

35
Q

Why is fiber optic cable preferred.

A

b/c coper wires need repeaters every 6000 feet

36
Q

What is a smart jack?

A

the end point for a t1 line with lights to show connectivity

37
Q

What is CSU

A

channel service unit

38
Q

what is DSU

A

data service unit

39
Q

What does a CSU/DSU do?

A

terminates the digital signal, ensures connection integrity and converts the t-frames to frames the LAN understands

40
Q

What does a DSU also have?

A

a multiplexer

41
Q

what is terminal equipment?

A

equipment that is at the end of a T1 connection, usually router or layer 3 higher

42
Q

What is DSL

A

Digital subscriber line

43
Q

How does DSL use current cables?

A

goes over the telephone wires at a different frequency

44
Q

What layer does DSL work at?

A

Physical layer

45
Q

How many types of DSL are there

A

8

46
Q

What is downstream/upstream

A

down loading to customer and uploading to service provider

47
Q

What is asymmetrical DSL

A

you have more download power than upload power

48
Q

What is different about HDSL and SDSL

A

they don’t use the telephone line, but use a wire that is inside the telephone wire (not typically used part of the same wire)

49
Q

What is broadband cable?

A

Cable TV companies who use their coaxial cable lines for internet service

50
Q

on what layer do cable modems operate?

A

the physical and data link layer

51
Q

What must cable companies have upgraded to be able to offer this service?

A

HFC hybrid-fiber-coax cables to allow uploading not just downloading

52
Q

What is the head end?

A

the cable companies central office, which then connects to the internet

53
Q

What is BPL?

A

Broadband over power line.

54
Q

Why was BPL not well used?

A

too much interference, interfered with radio signals, more repeaters needed

55
Q

What is ATM?

A

Asynchronous transfer mode

56
Q

On what layer does ATM Work?

A

the data link layer, packet size is fixed 53 byte, so network performance is predictable.

57
Q

What is SONET

A

synchronous optical network

58
Q

What are the 4 benefits of SONET?

A
  1. integrates with other WAN technology, 2. fast data transfers, 3. uses time.clock for transmissions, 4. high fault tollerance
59
Q

What is SONET known as in other countries?

A

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

60
Q

How does SONETS double ring topology help

A

Self-Healing: if one ring goes down, it automatically switches to the other ring.

61
Q

How is the data rate of SONET shown

A

OC optical carrier level

Networking (11 decks)

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