Chapter 6 p243-275 Flashcards
What is a NIC
network interface card
what do NICs do?
enable workstations, servers, printers etc to receive and transmit data
What layers have NIC
physical layer and data layer
what is a main bus or system bus?
memory, components and hard disk and NIC used to transmit data
How do busses differ?
the amount of data/capacity on its path
How does the amount of data allowed in a bus affect the device?
more bits = more speed
What is an expansion slot?
a slot that allows an electrical connection to add a device – NIC, Sound card etc
What is a PCIe
Peripheral Component Interconnect Express – an expansion board
where do you find the kind of NIC your computer has?
inside the box/case
What is a peripheral NIC?
a flash drive or external NIC via usb port
what is an onboard NIC
a NIC connected or integrated into the motherboard not via an expansion board to save space
once you install a NiC what do you have to ensure?
that the correct device driver software is installed.
How do you test a NIC
with a loopback plug
What is a repeater?
an older way of regenerating a digital signal
Does a repeater interpret data?
no, it just repeats it
Why might repeaters be used?
in a bus topology to repeat signals along the path
What is a hub?
a repeater with more than one output port
How is a bridge different from a repeater?
it can interpret mac addresses
what layers are repeaters and bridges?
Repeaters – physical, bridges- data
What is an advantage of using a bridge not a repeater?
it can expand a network w/o causing more collisions
what does a bridge create to help it send data?
a table of MAC addresses
What is a switch?
a connectivity device that subdivides a network into smaller pieces
What is a way to describe a switch
a multiport bridge
What is a benefit of a switch?
separates bandwidth, prevents collisions
What are the two most frequent methods of switching?
Cut-through mode and store-and-forward mode
What is cut through mode?
the switch reads the frame’s header and decides where to send the data
what is a problem with cut through mode?
it has difficulty with faulty packets, and errors get through
What is a good thing about cut through mode?
speed
What is store and forward
switch waits for the entire packet, checks it, then sends it
What is a VLAN
virtual local network
What is the purpose of a VLAN
to separate a group for security, heavy/unpredictable traffic, priority etc
What is STP
spanning tree protocol
What does STP do?
it prevents a storm of data being repeated by multiple switches in the tree formation. It figures out the best path for the data
What is a router?
a a multi-port connectivity device that sends data to the right place
what layer do routers operate?
network layer
what does a router do?
connects dissimilar networks, layer 3 addressing, best path, reroute traffic
What is a routing table?
identifies which router serves as a house, where hosts are located
what is an interior router?
directs data within a LAN, does not connect to the internet, just internal computers
what is an exterior router?
connects to the internet
what is a border router?
connects a business with its ISP
what is dynamic routing?
automatic calculation of the best path, and keeps track.
What is static routing
network admin configures the pathways, less efficient
what is best path?
most efficient route for data to take
what is routing protocol?
the way routers communicate with each other… not routable protocols
what is convergence time?
the amount of time it takes for a router to find the best path
What is RIP
routing information protocol
what is the limit of RIP
15 hops, broadcasts to other routers, so slows network, and not between LANs just within
What is the difference between an interior gateway protocol and an exterior gateway protocol?
interior within a LAN, Exterior between LANS on a WAN
What is Distance Vector protocol
Based on distance, send over WAN, hops, latency, traffic, not just hops
What is LinkState?
a protocol which gets routers to map a network and find the best path between nodes (Distance vector rely on neighbours for data path info)
What is OSPF?
Open Shortest Path First protocol
What does OSPF do?
allows the router to change the path of data using other routers.
What is IS-IS?
Intermediate system to intermediate system, layer 3 protocol, IGP (Internal only)
What is EIGRP?
Enhanced interior gateway routing protocol
What does EIGRP do?
hybrid, only cisco routers, preferred over OSPF
what is a gateway?
a device that connect two dissimilar networks. Slower speeds cause congestion.
