Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Honors Anatomy Ellie > Chapter 7 Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System CNS

A

Brain

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System PNS

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

  • spinal nerves
  • cranial nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sensory (afferent) division

Part of PNS system

A

Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(Part of PNS system)

Motor (efferent) division

A

-Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system.
- two subdivisions:
Somatic nervous system- voluntary
Autonomic nervous system- involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(Support cells) nervous tissue

Satellite Cells

A

Protect neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Support cells: nervous tissue

Schwann cells

A

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nervous tissue: Neurons

A

Neurons= nerve cells
-Cells specialized to transmit messages
-Major regions of neurons:
•cell body- nucleus and metabolic center of the cell
• processes- fibers that extend from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nervous tissue: neurons

Cell body

A

Nucleus

Large nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dendrites

A

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axons

A

Conduct impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Axonal terminals

A
  • Contain vesicles w neurotransmitters

- are separated from the next neuron by a gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Gap between adjacent neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Whitish fatty material covering axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Produce myelin sheaths in jelly roll-like fashion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most neuron cell bodies are found in the _________ __________ _________.

A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gray matter

A

Cell bodies and Unmyelinated fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ganglia

A

Collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS

  • Cutaneous sense organs
  • proprioceptors- detect stretch of tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons

A

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera, muscles, or glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Irritability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conductivity

A

ability to transmit an impulse

25
Resting neuron
The plasma membrane at rest is polarized. | Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell.
26
Depolarization
A stimulus depolarizes the neurons membrane. | A depolarizes membrane allows sodium to flow inside the membrane.
27
Action potential
If the action potential (nerve impulse) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon. Impulses travel faster when fibers have a myelin sheath.
28
Repolarization
Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which depolarizes the membrane. The sodium potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration.
29
Reflex
Rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus. | Occurs over pathways called reflex arcs.
30
Reflex arc
Direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, to an effector.
31
Somatic reflexes
Activation of skeletal muscles
32
Autonomic reflexes
Smooth muscle regulation Heart and blood pressure regulation Regulation of glands Digestive system regulation
33
Regions of the brain
Cerebral hemisphere (cerebrum) Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum
34
Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)
- paired superior parts of the brain - Includes more than half of the brain mass - the surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)
35
Lobes of the cerebrum
Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum into lobes
36
Surface lobes of the cerebrum:
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe
37
Diencephalon
Sits on top of the brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Made of 3 parts: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
38
Thalamus
The relay station for sensory impulses. | Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation.
39
Hypothalamus
•Under the thalamus •Important autonomic nervous system center -helps regulate body temp - controls water balance - regulates metabolism • an important part of the limbus system (emotions) • the pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
40
Epithalamus
Houses the pineal body | Includes the choroid plexus- forms cerebrospinal fluid.
41
Brain stem
``` Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem: Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata ```
42
Brain stem: Midbrain
Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers
43
Brain stem: pons
The bulging center part of the brain stem. Mostly composed of fiber tracts. Involved in the control of breathing.
44
Brain stem: medulla oblongata
``` Lowest part of the brain stem. Merged into the spinal cord. Includes important fiber tracts. Contains important control centers: Heart rate control Blood pressure regulation Breathing Swallowing Vomiting ```
45
Brain stem: Reticular formation
Diffuses mass of gray matter along the brain stem. Involved in motor control of visceral organs. Reticular activating system (RAS) plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness.
46
Regions of the brain: cerebellum
Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces | Provides involuntary coordination of body movements.
47
Protection of the Central Nervous System
``` Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral column Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) Blood- brain barrier ```
48
Meninges
Dura mater - double layered external covering -periosteum: attached to the inner surface of the skull - meningeal layer- outer covering of the brain. Folds inward in several areas.
49
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Similar to blood plasma composition | Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord.
50
Blood-brain barrier
Includes the least permeable capillaries of the body. Excludes many potentially harmful substances. Useless as a barrier against some substances. (Alcohol, nicotine, anesthesia,gases)
51
Concussion
Slight brain injury | No permanent brain damage*
52
Contusion
Nervous tissue destruction occurs. | Nervous tissue does not regenerate.
53
Cerebral edema
Swelling from the inflammatory response. | May compress and kill brain tissue.
54
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Aka stroke The result of a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain. Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from that blood source dies. Loss of some functions or death may result.
55
Alzheimer's disease
Progressive degenerative brain disease Mostly seen in the elderly but can begin in early age. Structural changes in the brain include deposits and twisted fibers within neurons. Memory loss, irritability, confusion, hallucinations, and death.
56
Spinal cord
Extends from the foramen magnum of the skill to the first or second lumber vertebra. 31 pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord.
57
Motor subduction of the PNS
Consists only of motor nerves
58
Two divisions of the autonomic nervous system:
Sympathetic division | Parasympathetic division
59
Functions of the nervous system:
``` -Sensory input- gathering information To monitor changes occurring inside and outside of the body Changes=stimuli - Integration To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed - Motor output A response to integrated stimuli The response activates muscles or glands ```

Honors Anatomy Ellie (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions