Chapter 4 Skin & Body Membranes

Question 1

Epithelial membranes

Answer 1

• Cutaneous membranes
• Mucous membranes
• Serous membranes

Question 2

Connective tissue membranes

Answer 2

-Synovial membranes

Question 3

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 3

• Skin- dry membrane, outermost protective boundary
• superficial epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
• underlying dermis is mostly dense and connective tissue.

Question 4

Mucous membranes

Answer 4

• Surface epithelium type sends on site
• underlying loose connective tissue
• lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
• often adapted for absorption or secretion

Question 5

Serous Membranes

Answer 5

• Surface is a layer of simple squamous epithelium
• underlying layer is a thin layer of connective tissue
• lines open body cavities that we closed to the exterior of the body
• serous membranes occur in pairs separated by serous fluid

Question 6

Peritoneum

Answer 6

Serous membrane on the Abdominal cavity

Question 7

Pleura

Answer 7

Serous membrane around the Lungs

Question 8

Pericardium

Answer 8

Serous membrane around the Heart

Question 9

Synovial membrane

Answer 9

CONNECTIVE TISSUE ONLY
•Lines the fibrous capsules surrounding the joints
•secretes a lubricating fluid

Question 10

Integumentary system

Answer 10

Skin (cutaneous membranes)

Question 11

Skin derivatives…

Answer 11

Sweat glands, Oil glands, Hair, and Nails

Question 12

Functions of the integumentary system:

Answer 12

•protects deeper tissues from: mechanical damage, chemical damage, bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, heat or cold damage, drying out.

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

Outer layer

Question 14

Dermis

Answer 14

Dense connective tissue

Question 15

Melanin

Answer 15

• Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes

* Amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight

Question 16

Melanin (colors)

Answer 16

Yellow, brown, or black pigments

Question 17

Carotene (colors)

Answer 17

Orange/yellow pigment from some vegetables

Question 18

Hemoglobin (colors)

Answer 18

•Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries- Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

Question 19

Sebaceous glands

Answer 19

Produces oil

-lubricant for skin, prevents brittle hair, kills bacteria.

Question 20

Sweat Glands

Answer 20

Produce sweat

Widely distributed in skin

Question 21

Sweats composition:

Answer 21

Mostly water
Salts and vitamin C
Some metabolic waste
Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine)

Question 22

Sweats function:

Answer 22

Helps dissipate excess heat
Excretes waste products
Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth
(Odor is from associated from bacteria)

Question 23

Hair

Answer 23

Produced by hair follicle
Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color

Question 24

Athletes foot is Caused by

Answer 24

fungal infection

Question 25

Cold sores are caused by

Answer 25

Virus

Question 26

Impetigo is caused by

Answer 26

Bacterial infection

Question 27

Psoriasis

Answer 27

Cause is unknown | Triggered by trauma, infection, and stress

Question 28

Burns: Rules of Nines

Answer 28

Way to determine the extent of burns Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation Each area represents 9% of total body surface area

Question 29

First degree burns

Answer 29

Only epidermis is damaged | Skin is red and swollen

Question 30

Second degree burns

Answer 30

Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged | Skin is red with blisters

Question 31

Third degree burns

Answer 31

Destroys entire skin layer | Burn is gray-white or black

Question 32

Benign

Answer 32

Does not spread

Question 33

Malignant

Answer 33

Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body

Question 34

Most common type of cancer

Answer 34

Skin cancer

Question 35

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 35

Least malignant | Most common type of skin cancer

Question 36

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 36

Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed. Early removal allows good chance of cure. Believed to be sun induced.

Question 37

Malignant melanoma

Answer 37

Most deadly of skin cancer. Cancer of melanocytes. Metastasizes rapidly to lymph nodes and blood vessels. Detection uses ABCDE rule.

Question 38

ABCDE Rule: A

Answer 38

Asymmetry: two sides of pigmented mole do not match.

Question 39

ABCDE Rule: B

Answer 39

Border irregularity: borders of the mole are not smooth.

Question 40

ABCDE Rule: C

Answer 40

Color: different colors are in pigmented area

Question 41

ABCDE Rule: D

Answer 41

Diameter: spot is larger than 6mm in diameter

Question 42

ABCDE Rule: E

Answer 42

Evolution: is the spot getting bigger or changing shape?

Question 43

Functions of the body membranes

Answer 43

- Cover body surfaces - Line body cavities - Form protective sheets around organs