Chapter 4 Skin & Body Membranes Flashcards
Epithelial membranes
- Cutaneous membranes
- Mucous membranes
- Serous membranes
Connective tissue membranes
-Synovial membranes
Cutaneous Membrane
- Skin- dry membrane, outermost protective boundary
- superficial epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- underlying dermis is mostly dense and connective tissue.
Mucous membranes
- Surface epithelium type sends on site
- underlying loose connective tissue
- lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
- often adapted for absorption or secretion
Serous Membranes
- Surface is a layer of simple squamous epithelium
- underlying layer is a thin layer of connective tissue
- lines open body cavities that we closed to the exterior of the body
- serous membranes occur in pairs separated by serous fluid
Peritoneum
Serous membrane on the Abdominal cavity
Pleura
Serous membrane around the Lungs
Pericardium
Serous membrane around the Heart
Synovial membrane
CONNECTIVE TISSUE ONLY
•Lines the fibrous capsules surrounding the joints
•secretes a lubricating fluid
Integumentary system
Skin (cutaneous membranes)
Skin derivatives…
Sweat glands, Oil glands, Hair, and Nails
Functions of the integumentary system:
•protects deeper tissues from: mechanical damage, chemical damage, bacterial damage, ultraviolet radiation, heat or cold damage, drying out.
Epidermis
Outer layer
Dermis
Dense connective tissue
Melanin
- Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes
* Amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight
Melanin (colors)
Yellow, brown, or black pigments
Carotene (colors)
Orange/yellow pigment from some vegetables
Hemoglobin (colors)
•Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries- Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
Sebaceous glands
Produces oil
-lubricant for skin, prevents brittle hair, kills bacteria.
Sweat Glands
Produce sweat
Widely distributed in skin
Sweats composition:
Mostly water
Salts and vitamin C
Some metabolic waste
Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine)
Sweats function:
Helps dissipate excess heat
Excretes waste products
Acidic nature inhibits bacteria growth
(Odor is from associated from bacteria)
Hair
Produced by hair follicle
Consists of hard keratinized epithelial cells
Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
Athletes foot is Caused by
fungal infection
Cold sores are caused by
Virus
Impetigo is caused by
Bacterial infection
Psoriasis
Cause is unknown
Triggered by trauma, infection, and stress
Burns: Rules of Nines
Way to determine the extent of burns
Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation
Each area represents 9% of total body surface area
First degree burns
Only epidermis is damaged
Skin is red and swollen
Second degree burns
Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged
Skin is red with blisters
Third degree burns
Destroys entire skin layer
Burn is gray-white or black
Benign
Does not spread
Malignant
Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body
Most common type of cancer
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Least malignant
Most common type of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed.
Early removal allows good chance of cure.
Believed to be sun induced.
Malignant melanoma
Most deadly of skin cancer.
Cancer of melanocytes.
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph nodes and blood vessels.
Detection uses ABCDE rule.
ABCDE Rule: A
Asymmetry: two sides of pigmented mole do not match.
ABCDE Rule: B
Border irregularity: borders of the mole are not smooth.
ABCDE Rule: C
Color: different colors are in pigmented area
ABCDE Rule: D
Diameter: spot is larger than 6mm in diameter
ABCDE Rule: E
Evolution: is the spot getting bigger or changing shape?
Functions of the body membranes
- Cover body surfaces
- Line body cavities
- Form protective sheets around organs
