Chapter 5. Skeletal system.

Question 1

Adult skeleton has ___ bones

Answer 1

206

Question 2

2 basic types of bone tissue

Answer 2

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

Homogenous

Question 4

Spongy bone

Answer 4

Small needle like pieces of bone

Many open spaces

Question 5

Long bones

Answer 5

Typically longer than they are wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone

Question 6

Short bones

Answer 6

Generally cube shaped

Mostly spongy bone

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

Thin flat and usually curved

Two layers of compact bone surround a layer of spongy bone

Question 8

Irregular bones

Answer 8

Irregular shape

Do not fit into other bone classification categories

Question 9

Articulate cartilage (anatomy of long bone)

Answer 9

Covers the external surface of the epiphysis
Made of hyaline cartilage
Decreases friction at joint surfaces

Question 10

Medullary Cavity (anatomy of the long bone)

Answer 10

Cavity inside of the shaft
Contains mostly yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants

Question 11

Microscopic Anatomy of bone

Osteon:

Answer 11

A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings

Question 12

Anatomy of microscopic bone

Central canal:

Answer 12

Opening in the center of the osteon

Carries blood vessels and nerves

Question 13

Microscopic anatomy of bone

Perforating canal:

Answer 13

Canal perpendicular to the central canal

Carries blood vessels and nerves.

Question 14

Microscopic anatomy of bone

Lacunae:

Answer 14

Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)

Arranged in concentric rings

Question 15

Microscopic anatomy of bone

Lamellae:

Answer 15

Rings around the central canal

Sites of lacunae

Question 16

Bone growth

Answer 16

Ossification

Question 17

Osteocytes

Answer 17

Mature bone cells

Question 18

Osteoblasts

Answer 18

Bone forming cells

Question 19

Osteoclasts

Answer 19

Bone destroying cells

Question 20

Closed simple fracture

Answer 20

Break that does not penetrate the skin

Question 21

Open compound fracture

Answer 21

Broken bone penetrates the skin

Question 22

of cervical vertebrae

Answer 22

7

Question 23

of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 23

12

Question 24

of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 24

5

Question 25

of sacrum vertebrae

Answer 25

5 fused

Question 26

of coccyx vertebrae

Answer 26

4 fused

Question 27

Ribs in order from superior to inferior (top to bottom)

Answer 27

True
False
Floating

Question 28

Functions of joints

Answer 28

Hold bones together

Allow for mobility

Question 29

Fibrous joints

Answer 29

Generally immovable

Question 30

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 30

Immovable or slightly moveable

Question 31

Synovial joints

Answer 31

Freely moveable

Question 32

Features of synovial joints

Answer 32

• articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones
• a fibrous articular capsule encloses joint surfaces
• a joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid
• ligaments reinforce the joint

Question 33

Functions of bones

Answer 33

Support the body
Protect the soft organs
Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Store minerals (calcium & phosphorous) as well as fats
Blood cell formation