Chapter 7: Mental Health and Illness among Children and Youth Flashcards
Children require safe and stable physical and social environments to develop good and lasting mental health. true or false
ttrue
Are there critical periods of development in early life for children?
yes
what plays a big role on a child’s neural plasticity?
- nutrition
- maternal health
- free of environmental toxins
How does education effect children’s mental health?
- promotes cognitive and emotional development
- provides “school connectedness” –> socialization is important
does school connectedness protect against mental health problems in children?
YES
What are the 7 different types of intelligence according to Gardner?
- logical-mathematical
- linguisitic
- musical
- spatial
- bodily-kinesthetic
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
What are the 5 stages of development we will be looking at for mental health?
- prenatal
- infancy
- childhood
- adolescence
- transition to adulthood
What was the tragic “natural experiment” in the 20th century?
children born during the famine in Netherlands were more likely to develop mental illnesses, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anti-social personality disorder
What is Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?
- seen in the prenatal development period
- damage to brain development
What is required for good healthy fetal development in prenatal development?
- proper nutrition
- good maternal health
What is biological embedding?
social factors that we are exposed to beginning in utero manage to “enter” our bodies and influence the development of our brains and CNS
ex: HPA axis –> increase in maternal stress will increase HPA function which will increase rxn to stress which in turn will effect the fetus HPA axis
In infancy, when basic needs are met (feeding, changing, touching), are we soothed?
YES
Infants who are ignored when basic needs are needed to be met?
will effect emotional bond development and trust later on in life
What are the 3 stages of emotional reactions when infants are separated from parent?
- protest (cry)
- despair (sad/passive)
- detachement (avoid parents)
What is the attachment theory by Bowlby in infancy?
newborns are biologically programmed to seek closeness with caregivers
behaviours can change over the course of your life though!
What is the “Nurse-Family Partnership” program?
assists with young, first-time mothers
mentor, provide resources
What are the 3 stages of the Erik Erikson’s stages of identity personality?
- autonomy vs shame and doubt –> 18 months -3 years –> learn how to be autonomous
- initiative vs guilt –> 3-6years –> becomes more assertive
- industry vs inferiority –> 6-12 years –> demands to learn new skills or risk sense of failure
Can abuse and neglect in childhood greatly effect mental health in later years?
yes
what 2 things is abuse linked to possibly cause in adulthood?
- psychosis
- major depressive disorder
What has bullying known to increase the risk of in childhood?
- depression
- self-harm
- suicide
What is bullying?
- repeated negative acts
- common in school settings or between siblings at home
In adolesence what group of individuals plays a huge role in development?
peer groups
in adolescence, what stage are they likely to go through?
rebellion stage
In adolescence, there is a lot of emotional turbulence and trying to form a sense of identity at 12-18 years old. true or false
true
Is it true that young adults in canada doing “key life transtitions” later and later? what are they calling it?
YES
“failure to launch”
do many young adults move quickly into full time jobs and marriage though too with less formal education?
yes
spending more time in university has no societal benefits. true or false
false - it does
What is known as “character”?
individual’s set of psychological characteristics that affect the person’s ability and inclination to function morally
What are the 5 core virtues that are valued across cultures?
- wisdom and knowledge
- courage
- humanity and love
- temperance
- transcendence
What is the most prevalent mental disorder among children and youth?
depression
when do majority of mental disorders begin?
childhood or adolescence
What are the 8 mental disorders most seen in in children and youth?
- externalizing disorders
- internalizing disorders
- hyperkinetic
- separation anxiety
- elective mutism
- tic disroders
- non-organic enuresis
- autism spectrum disorder
What are externalizing disorders?
distress turn outwards and directed towards others in a disruptive manor (ex: conduct disorder)
What are internalizing disorders?
distress turned inward (ex: anxiety, depression)
What is a hyperkinetic disorder?
Attention deficit disorder (mix of inattentiveness and hyperactive)
What is elective mutism?
do not talk
root cause could be anxiety based
What are tic disrorders?
involuntary, rapid, non-rhythmic movements or sounds (blinking, jerking, throat clearing, snffing)
can be simple or complex
What is non-organic enuresis?
bedwetting and bowl movements
Involuntary urine release that cannot be attributed to an anatomic or physiologic etiology
What is Autism spectrum disorder?
-cause is unknown
- on a spectrum
- neurodevelopmental disorder
- no medication byt behavioural intervention is available
- psychological skill
what is “roots of empathy”?
- evidence-based classroom program
- helps reduce levels of aggression among schoolchildren by raising social/emotional competence
- increases empathy
- teaches them “emotional literacy” –> lays the foundation for safer and more caring classrooms where children are the “changers”
- brings infants into the classroom to help participants learn to understand their own and others’ emotions
- the baby is the “teacher”
