Chapter 12: Treatment for Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
What are the 3 approaches to treating mental health and Substance Use disorders?
- biological treatments
- psychological approaches
- spiritual approaches
What is psychopharmcotherapy?
use of MEDICATIONS to treat psychiatric symptoms
predominant form of treatment
What are “antipsychotic medications”?
- aka as “miracle drug”
- block dopamine receptors in various areas of the brain
Why did first generation antipyschotic meds declined in use?
- caused “extrapyramidal symptoms” –> movement disroders that resulted from inhibition of dopamine
- caused an “oculogyric crisis” –> fixed upward stare of the eyes lasting for several minutes to an hour
Are second generation antipsychotics now the typical standard treatment of psychosis? if so, what is the name of one?
YES
clozapine
What are antidepressant medications?
- treat mood disorders –> depression, dysthymic disorder, anxiety
- effective for people with moderate to severe forms of depression
What are 3 examples of antidepressants meds?
- tricyclic antidepressants
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- SSRIs
What is the most frequently prescribed antidepressant?
SSRIs
What are “mood stabilizer” medications?
- for people with bipolar disorder
- controls abnormally high mood states
- usually it is lithium
What are “sedative” medications?
- induce sleep
- reduce agitation and anxiety
What is the most common “sedative” medication prescribed?
benzodiazepines
What is “substitution therapy” for substance use dependence?
- replace illicit drugs with less harmful prescription medication
- prevents withdrawl symptoms
- reduces harmful effects of drug use
What is substitution therapy most used for?
people with an opiate dependence
What are some issues with psychopharmacotherapy?
- lead to polypharmacy (aka “pharmacological cocktail”)
- leads to other evidence-based treatments not being used as much since this field is more predominant
What is Electroconvulsive therapy?
- passing an electric current through the brain to induce a seizure
- treatment of severe depression
What is one side effect of electroconvulsive therapy?
short term memory impairment
What is magnetic seizure therapy?
just like ECT but have more control over induced seizure
- less memory loss side effects
What is neurostimulation?
ex: deep brain stimulation
- more focal brain stimulation
- implantable pulse generator –> get intermittent pulses to electrodes that have been implanted in your brain to stimulate specific areas
what is psychosurgery?
- more common in 1950s
- “ice pick lobotomy”
What are the 3 topics talked about surrounding the psychotherapy treatment of “self-management and peer support”?
- “self-help”
- supported self-management
- peer support
What is “self-help”?
- more on your own
- books, movies, websites, etc..
- reasonably effective, inexpensive, more private
What is “supported self-management”?
- teach individuals skills for coping with mental health problems (still on your own but having guidance from others)
- based on CBT
- get coaching from health care provider, family, or peer counsellor –> work as “checkpoints” to give some direction
- builds on coping strengths
- gives person a sense of personal competence
What is “peer support”?
groups with people who have gone through similar scenarios and are aware of it
ex: AA meeting
What is Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT)?
- most widely practiced –> #1 go to!
- recognizes maladaptive behaviours and distorted thought patterns
- gives skills to change habits and behaviour
What are the 4 critical features of CBT?
- focus on the present
- collaborative relationship b/w therapist and client
- goals are CONCRETE, SPECIFIC, MEASUREABLE
- time-limited –> want to see evolvement as person progresses through treatment
What is dialectical behaviour therapy?
intervention for borderline personality disorder
What are psychoanalytic therapies?
- applied Freud theories
- resolve conflicts that operate unconciously
- longer sessions
- more abstract
- therapist is really distant
- change is achieved through development of insight
What is “play therapy”?
- for children ages 3-12
- one-on-one sessions with children using toys, art, games, and stories
- the play has a “cathartic” effect –> allows children to express emotions that they hold in
- create a “decontextualized environment” without parents so the child can be free and secure in environment –> can see what’s really going on with child
What is “family therapy”?
- invovlement of families in treatment
- can be in conjunction with play therapy sometimes!
What is “motivational interviewing”?
- typically for substance use disorders
- helped to consider their current situations and envisage the changes they would like to put in place
What is one religious, spiritual, and meditative approach to treatmetnt?
mindfulness
What is mindfulness
- like meditation
- increase one’s capacity to be clearly aware of one’s immediate situation, without feeling the need to “fix them”
- promotes acceptance and openness
- effective for anxiety and depression
What are 3 things must be considered when choosing the appropriate treatment?
- pattern, duration, and severity of problem
- availability of social or financial supports
- other physical or mental disorders
What are 6 things to put in your “self-care” kit as students who deal with high levels of stress?
- learning to set action goals
- finding a means to ground and balance yourself (ex: exercise, yoga, music)
- relaxation (ex: slow breathing method, think of an image that calms you)
- worry management
- structured problem solving
- identify a social support network
What is learning to set action goals?
set goals for trying out new ways of coping
must be specific, realistic, and scheduled
What is worry management?
-start by writing down a problem you worry about
- then you practice calm and realistic thinking
- its like you are “talking back” to the worry thinking
What is structured problem solving?
write down the advantages and disadvantages of each action
- choose one action to try out
- make it a goal to carry out the action
How do you identify a social support network?
finding people you TRUST in your life
- problems can become more of a burden when you keep them to yourself
