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HSS2105: understanding mental health > Chapter 12: Treatment for Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorder > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Treatment for Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 approaches to treating mental health and Substance Use disorders?

A
  1. biological treatments
  2. psychological approaches
  3. spiritual approaches
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2
Q

What is psychopharmcotherapy?

A

use of MEDICATIONS to treat psychiatric symptoms

predominant form of treatment

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3
Q

What are “antipsychotic medications”?

A
  • aka as “miracle drug”
  • block dopamine receptors in various areas of the brain
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4
Q

Why did first generation antipyschotic meds declined in use?

A
  • caused “extrapyramidal symptoms” –> movement disroders that resulted from inhibition of dopamine
  • caused an “oculogyric crisis” –> fixed upward stare of the eyes lasting for several minutes to an hour
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5
Q

Are second generation antipsychotics now the typical standard treatment of psychosis? if so, what is the name of one?

A

YES
clozapine

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6
Q

What are antidepressant medications?

A
  • treat mood disorders –> depression, dysthymic disorder, anxiety
  • effective for people with moderate to severe forms of depression
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7
Q

What are 3 examples of antidepressants meds?

A
  1. tricyclic antidepressants
  2. monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  3. SSRIs
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8
Q

What is the most frequently prescribed antidepressant?

A

SSRIs

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9
Q

What are “mood stabilizer” medications?

A
  • for people with bipolar disorder
  • controls abnormally high mood states
  • usually it is lithium
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10
Q

What are “sedative” medications?

A
  • induce sleep
  • reduce agitation and anxiety
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11
Q

What is the most common “sedative” medication prescribed?

A

benzodiazepines

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12
Q

What is “substitution therapy” for substance use dependence?

A
  • replace illicit drugs with less harmful prescription medication
  • prevents withdrawl symptoms
  • reduces harmful effects of drug use
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13
Q

What is substitution therapy most used for?

A

people with an opiate dependence

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14
Q

What are some issues with psychopharmacotherapy?

A
  • lead to polypharmacy (aka “pharmacological cocktail”)
  • leads to other evidence-based treatments not being used as much since this field is more predominant
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15
Q

What is Electroconvulsive therapy?

A
  • passing an electric current through the brain to induce a seizure
  • treatment of severe depression
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16
Q

What is one side effect of electroconvulsive therapy?

A

short term memory impairment

17
Q

What is magnetic seizure therapy?

A

just like ECT but have more control over induced seizure
- less memory loss side effects

18
Q

What is neurostimulation?

A

ex: deep brain stimulation
- more focal brain stimulation
- implantable pulse generator –> get intermittent pulses to electrodes that have been implanted in your brain to stimulate specific areas

19
Q

what is psychosurgery?

A
  • more common in 1950s
  • “ice pick lobotomy”
20
Q

What are the 3 topics talked about surrounding the psychotherapy treatment of “self-management and peer support”?

A
  1. “self-help”
  2. supported self-management
  3. peer support
21
Q

What is “self-help”?

A
  • more on your own
  • books, movies, websites, etc..
  • reasonably effective, inexpensive, more private
22
Q

What is “supported self-management”?

A
  • teach individuals skills for coping with mental health problems (still on your own but having guidance from others)
  • based on CBT
  • get coaching from health care provider, family, or peer counsellor –> work as “checkpoints” to give some direction
  • builds on coping strengths
  • gives person a sense of personal competence
23
Q

What is “peer support”?

A

groups with people who have gone through similar scenarios and are aware of it
ex: AA meeting

24
Q

What is Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT)?

A
  • most widely practiced –> #1 go to!
  • recognizes maladaptive behaviours and distorted thought patterns
  • gives skills to change habits and behaviour
24
Q

What are the 4 critical features of CBT?

A
  1. focus on the present
  2. collaborative relationship b/w therapist and client
  3. goals are CONCRETE, SPECIFIC, MEASUREABLE
  4. time-limited –> want to see evolvement as person progresses through treatment
25
Q

What is dialectical behaviour therapy?

A

intervention for borderline personality disorder

26
Q

What are psychoanalytic therapies?

A
  • applied Freud theories
  • resolve conflicts that operate unconciously
  • longer sessions
  • more abstract
  • therapist is really distant
  • change is achieved through development of insight
27
Q

What is “play therapy”?

A
  • for children ages 3-12
  • one-on-one sessions with children using toys, art, games, and stories
  • the play has a “cathartic” effect –> allows children to express emotions that they hold in
  • create a “decontextualized environment” without parents so the child can be free and secure in environment –> can see what’s really going on with child
28
Q

What is “family therapy”?

A
  • invovlement of families in treatment
  • can be in conjunction with play therapy sometimes!
29
Q

What is “motivational interviewing”?

A
  • typically for substance use disorders
  • helped to consider their current situations and envisage the changes they would like to put in place
30
Q

What is one religious, spiritual, and meditative approach to treatmetnt?

A

mindfulness

31
Q

What is mindfulness

A
  • like meditation
  • increase one’s capacity to be clearly aware of one’s immediate situation, without feeling the need to “fix them”
  • promotes acceptance and openness
  • effective for anxiety and depression
32
Q

What are 3 things must be considered when choosing the appropriate treatment?

A
  1. pattern, duration, and severity of problem
  2. availability of social or financial supports
  3. other physical or mental disorders
33
Q

What are 6 things to put in your “self-care” kit as students who deal with high levels of stress?

A
  1. learning to set action goals
  2. finding a means to ground and balance yourself (ex: exercise, yoga, music)
  3. relaxation (ex: slow breathing method, think of an image that calms you)
  4. worry management
  5. structured problem solving
  6. identify a social support network
34
Q

What is learning to set action goals?

A

set goals for trying out new ways of coping

must be specific, realistic, and scheduled

35
Q

What is worry management?

A

-start by writing down a problem you worry about
- then you practice calm and realistic thinking
- its like you are “talking back” to the worry thinking

36
Q

What is structured problem solving?

A

write down the advantages and disadvantages of each action
- choose one action to try out
- make it a goal to carry out the action

37
Q

How do you identify a social support network?

A

finding people you TRUST in your life
- problems can become more of a burden when you keep them to yourself

38
Q
A

HSS2105: understanding mental health (12 decks)

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