Chapter 7 Lesson 4 Flashcards

War Begins

1
Q

Who were the Patriots?

A

Colonists who opposed British rule. Many spoke out against the British government.

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2
Q

In 1775, what were the British doing in the Boston Harbor?

A

They blocked the Boston Harbor in order to keep ships form entering or leaving Boston.

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3
Q

Who was Mercy Otis Warren?

A

A Patriot writer. She wrote plays criticizing Bristish officials in Boston.

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4
Q

What did Patrick Henry say that led many colonists to share his views?

A

He said that he was eager for a war with Britain.

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5
Q

What is a militia?

A

A group of ordinary people who train for battle.

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6
Q

In the colonies, what were the militias doing, and who made up most of the men in the militias?

A
  • They were training for battle.
  • Most of the men were farmers.
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7
Q

What did General Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts learn?

What did he order after learning this information?

A
  • He learned that the Patriots wee storiing gun powerder and cannons in Concord, which is about 20 miles from Boston.
  • He ordered soldiers to go destroy the supplies.
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8
Q

Was General Gage able to keep it a secret that he had sent soldiers to Concord to destroy the Patriots’ gunpowder and cannons?

A

No, Patriots in Boston learned what he had planned.

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9
Q

How did the Boston Patriots warn the Concord Patriots/milita that British soldiers were coming at night?

A
  • They used laterns in the tower of Boston’s North Church to warn Concord.
  • Patriots rode ahead to warn the Concord Patriots/militia. Some of those riders were Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott.
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10
Q

What were Minutemen?

A

Militia with special training. They had to be ready for battle at a minute’s notice.

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11
Q

As Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott galloped ahead to Concord, who did they alert?

A
  • The Minutemen
  • Revere told them “The Regulars are coming out!” Regulars are what they called the British soldiers.
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12
Q

Did Revere, Dawes, and Prescott all make it it Concord?

A

No, Revere got caught in Lexington. Prescott made it to Concord.

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13
Q

Where did the first battle take place in the Revolutionary War?

A

Lexington Massachutets.

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14
Q

How did the first battle in Lexington start?

A
  • A group of minutemen were waiting in Lexington for the British.
  • The British officer told the minutemen to leave.
  • As the minutemen turned to go, someone fired. Nobody knows which side did it.
  • Both sides started shooting at each other.
  • When it was done, eight colonists were dead, and nine were wounded. Only one British soldier had been hurt.
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15
Q

After the battle in Lexington, what happened in Concord?

A
  • As the British searched Concord for hidden weapons, more minutemen gathered nearby.
  • Fighting broke out, and the minutemen were able to force the British to turn bakc toward Boston.
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16
Q

What did the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson call this event?

A

“The shot heard round the world.”

It was the beginning of the fight for freedom which eventually led to the United States becoming an important country in the world.

17
Q

What happened to the British soldiers as they marched back to Boston from Concord?

A
  • Colonists from the nearby towns and townds farther away tracked the soldiers, hid behind treees and walls, and shot at the British soldiers.
  • More than 250 British soldiers were wounded or killed.
18
Q

What happened as the news about the Battles of Lexington and Concord spread?

A

Thousands of armed colonists surrounded Boston. The British in the city were trapped.

19
Q

Where did the Patriots militia build a fort after the battles of Lexington and Concord?

A

They built it on Breed’s Hill which his just outside of Boston. They planned to fire cannons at the British in Boston.

20
Q

After the Patriots built the fort on Breed’s Hill, what did the British do?

A
  • They attacked the fort the next day with 2,000 men.
  • It took them three tries to take over the fort.
  • The British lost a lot of men.
  • They were able to take it when the Patriots ran out of gunpowder.
  • The Patriots proved they could fight in a big battle.
21
Q

What did William Prescott, a Patriot leader tell his milia as the British attacked the fort on Breed’s Hill?

A
  • “Don’t fire until you see the whites o their eyes.”
  • He did not want his men to waste gunpowder on shots that were too far away.
22
Q

What was the battle on Breed’s Hill called?

A

It was called Bunker Hill even though it was actually fought on Breed’s Hill.

23
Q

Why did the Second Continental Congress meet in 1775?

A
  • The British had not agreed to meet the First Continental Congress’s demands.
  • They decided that they needed to create a new army called the Continental Army who would train full time as the British did. The members of the militias were only part-time soldiers.
24
Q

Who did the Second Continental Congress pick to organize and be the commander of the Continental Army?

A

George Washington, because he had experience fighting in the French and Indian War.

25
Q

What is a commander?

A

The officer in charge of an army.

26
Q

What is a petition?

A

A written request from a number of people.

27
Q

Did all the delegates in the Second Continental Congress want to go to war with Britain?

A
  • No, many did not.
  • They only wanted to be treated fairly.
28
Q

As a result of not every delegate from the Second Continental Congress wanting to go to war, what did they do?

A
  • They sent King George III the Olive Branch Petition.
  • It asked him to help end the conflict.
29
Q

How did King George III react to the Olive Branch Petition?

A
  • He did not even read it.
  • Instead, he sent more soldiers to the colonies.
30
Q

For the first nine months after the Second Continental Congress met, What did the British do?

What did the Patriots do?

A
  • The British army stayed in Boston.
  • Washington used the time to turn the colonial militia into a real army.
31
Q

Who was Colonel Henry Knox, and what did he do for Washington?

A

He went to New York and brought captured cannons back to Boston.

32
Q

When Henry Knox brought the cannons to Boston, what did the British do?

A
  • They sailed out of Boston Harbor.
  • This was a success for the Patriots, but the war was just beginning.