Chapter 7 - Lesson 4 Flashcards
During functional movement, a muscle can be categorized as either….. (4 different categories)?
- Agonist
- Synergist
- Stabilizer
- Antagonist
ASSA
Agonists
The primary muscles providing force for a movement.
Example - the glutes are the agonist during hip extensions/thrusts
Synergists (support)
Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.
*Example - the hamstring complex and the erector spinae (muscles of the back) are synergistic with the gluteus maximus during hip extension
-Also, the triceps supporting the pecs during a chest press
Stabilizers
Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves.
*Example, the transversus abdominis (a deep abdominal muscle), internal obliques, and multifidus (deep muscles of the spine) stabilize the LPHC during hip extension.
Antagonists
Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles.
*Example - the biceps brachii (an elbow flexor) is an antagonist to the triceps brachii during elbow extension.
Feed-forward activation
When a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement.
Closed-chain movements
The primary characteristic of closed-chain movements is that the distal segments, such as a person’s hands or feet, are fixed and remain in contact with a stationary surface. Additionally, closed-chain exercises often require the movement of multiple joints in a predictable manner with the contraction of multiple muscle groups
(the hands or feet are typically fixed and do not move) -
Example - squats, pushups, pull-ups, etc - many of these exercises are weight bearing
Open-chain movements
The primary characteristic of open-chain movements is that the distal segments (hands and feet) are not fixed, and they are free to move in space. Open-chain exercises tend to focus on isolating the prime mover muscles.
Example - lat pulldown, biceps curl, bench press, leg curl, and leg extension exercises
