Chapter 7 - Lesson 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

During functional movement, a muscle can be categorized as either….. (4 different categories)?

A
  • Agonist
  • Synergist
  • Stabilizer
  • Antagonist

ASSA

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2
Q

Agonists

A

The primary muscles providing force for a movement.

Example - the glutes are the agonist during hip extensions/thrusts

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3
Q

Synergists (support)

A

Muscles that assist agonists to produce a movement.
*Example - the hamstring complex and the erector spinae (muscles of the back) are synergistic with the gluteus maximus during hip extension

-Also, the triceps supporting the pecs during a chest press

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4
Q

Stabilizers

A

Muscles that contract isometrically to stabilize the trunk and joints as the body moves.

*Example, the transversus abdominis (a deep abdominal muscle), internal obliques, and multifidus (deep muscles of the spine) stabilize the LPHC during hip extension.

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5
Q

Antagonists

A

Muscles on the opposite side of a joint that are in direct opposition of agonist muscles.

*Example - the biceps brachii (an elbow flexor) is an antagonist to the triceps brachii during elbow extension.

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6
Q

Feed-forward activation

A

When a muscle is automatically activated in anticipation of a movement.

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7
Q

Closed-chain movements

A

The primary characteristic of closed-chain movements is that the distal segments, such as a person’s hands or feet, are fixed and remain in contact with a stationary surface. Additionally, closed-chain exercises often require the movement of multiple joints in a predictable manner with the contraction of multiple muscle groups

(the hands or feet are typically fixed and do not move) -

Example - squats, pushups, pull-ups, etc - many of these exercises are weight bearing

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8
Q

Open-chain movements

A

The primary characteristic of open-chain movements is that the distal segments (hands and feet) are not fixed, and they are free to move in space. Open-chain exercises tend to focus on isolating the prime mover muscles.

Example - lat pulldown, biceps curl, bench press, leg curl, and leg extension exercises

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