Chapter 5 - Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
A site where two or more bones connect resulting in movement.
What is Osteokinematics?
The movement of a limb that is visible.
What is Arthrokinematics and what are the 3 major types?
The description of joint movement. The three major types are roll, slide, and spin.
Define a rolling joint movement.
A rolling joint movement is when one joint rolls across the surface of another joint. Like the tire of a bicycle rolls on the street.
For example, when you are doing a squat, the lower end of the thigh bone rolls over the upper end of the shin bone.
Define a sliding joint movement.
A sliding joint movement is when one joint’s surface slides across another. Like the tire of a bicycle skidding across the street.
Define a spinning joint movement.
A spinning joint movement is when one joint’s surface rotates on another. Like twisting the lid off of a jar.
What are synovial joints?
These are the most common joints associated with human movement. These joints have a fluid-filled joint capsule. They produce synovial fluid that acts as like engine oil, where it lubricates the joint surfaces to reduce excessive wear.
They consist of, synovial capsule, synovial membrane, and cartilage.
What are the 6 classifications of synovial joints?
Gliding, condyloid, hinge, saddle, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.
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What is a gliding joint?
This is also known as a plane joint, which is a non-axial joint, that has simple movements. It either moves back and forth or side to side.
What is a condyloid joint?
Where the condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another bone to form the joint. It moves primarily in one direction with very little movement in others.
What is a hinge joint?
A uniaxial joint allowing movement predominantly in one direction. Joints such as the elbow, interphalangeal (toe), and ankle are considered hinge joints. Act like the hinge of a door.
What is a saddle joint?
One bone looks like a saddle with the articulating bone straddling it like a rider. This joint is only found in the carpometacarpal joint in the thumb. Due to the shape, movement is predominantly in two directions.
What is the pivot joint?
They allow movement in predominantly one direction. These joints are found in the atlantoaxial joint at the base of the skull (top of spine) and the proximal radioulnar joint at the elbow. These allow your to rotate your head or twist your forearm.
What are the ball-and-socket joints?
The most mobile of the joints. They allow movement in all 3 directions. Examples of these joints are the shoulder and hip.
What are non-synovial joints?
Joints that have NO joint capsule or cartilage in the structure. These joints have little to no movement. Example is the structures of the skull.
