Chapter 6 - Endocrine System Flashcards
Lipolysis
The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.
Enzyme
A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.
Glands
Cells that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.
Hormone
Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.
Target (receptor) cell
Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.
What does the endocrine system do?
It basically regulates multiple bodily functions to stabilize the body’s internal environment.
(It is like the thermostat of a room, regulating its temperature)
Hypothalamus
A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.
What are the three different sections of the pituitary gland?
The pituitary has three different sections or lobes—the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobe
Pineal Gland
A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.
Pancreas
An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.
Thyroid Gland
An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin
Pituitary Gland
An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.
Adrenal Gland
A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.
Reproductive Glands
Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.
Insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.
Glucagon
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.
Substrates
Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.
Glycogen
Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.
Growth Hormone
An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.
Catecholamines
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.
Catabolic
Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy
Gluconeogenesis
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).
Overtraining
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.
Testosterone
A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.
Anabolic
Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)
Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.
Calcitonin
Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.
Glucose Intolerance
A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.
