Chapter 6 - Endocrine System

Question 1

Lipolysis

Answer 1

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

Question 3

Glands

Answer 3

Cells that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

Question 4

Hormone

Answer 4

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

Question 5

Target (receptor) cell

Answer 5

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

Question 6

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 6

It basically regulates multiple bodily functions to stabilize the body’s internal environment.

(It is like the thermostat of a room, regulating its temperature)

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

Question 8

What are the three different sections of the pituitary gland?

Answer 8

The pituitary has three different sections or lobes—the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobe

Question 9

Pineal Gland

Answer 9

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

Question 10

Pancreas

Answer 10

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

Question 11

Thyroid Gland

Answer 11

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin

Question 12

Pituitary Gland

Answer 12

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

Question 13

Adrenal Gland

Answer 13

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

Question 14

Reproductive Glands

Answer 14

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

Question 17

Substrates

Answer 17

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

Question 18

Glycogen

Answer 18

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

Question 19

Growth Hormone

Answer 19

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

Question 20

Catecholamines

Answer 20

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Question 21

Catecholamines

Answer 21

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Question 22

Catabolic

Answer 22

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy

Question 23

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

Question 24

Overtraining

Answer 24

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

Question 25

Testosterone

Answer 25

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

Question 26

Anabolic

Answer 26

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

Question 27

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)

Answer 27

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

Question 28

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 28

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

Question 29

Calcitonin

Answer 29

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

Question 30

Glucose Intolerance

Answer 30

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.