Chapter 7 Language Functions, Skills, and Proficiency

Question 1

a system that helps people express thoughts, feelings, and meaning through symbols and sounds.

Answer 1

language

Question 2

refers to the way we relate language to our relationships with other people. This means it’s how we use language and how we communicate in a social setting.

social/ cultural

Answer 2

social function of language

Question 3

In fact, culture is transmitted by language, and both influence one another. That is the ______ of language.

social/ cultural

Answer 3

cultural function

Question 4

______ communication is when you’re communicating with someone else.

Answer 4

Interpersonal

Question 5

The ______ is the means you choose to send a message; some sort of delivery device

Answer 5

channel

Question 6

For instance, you (the sender) send a text message through a cell phone (the channel) to your best friend (the receiver). Then the receiver reciprocates and replies with a text (again using the phone as the channel). The receiver’s message is referred to as feedback, and now the sender becomes the receiver.

This is an example of the _________ process

Answer 6

communication

Question 7

First, individuals are a complex make-up of past experiences, knowledge, biases, and abilities.

These are known as _______

Answer 7

filters

Question 8

_______ is the act of interpreting the message.

Answer 8

decoding

Question 9

_______ or body language, plays an important role in interpersonal communication. This includes body position and movements, eye contact, hand and facial gestures, and even how close or how far the sender positions themselves in relationship to the receiver.

Answer 9

Non-verbal communication

Question 10

BICS stands for

Answer 10

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

Question 11

What are the 8 components of communication

Answer 11

A sender, receiver, filters, channels, coding/decoding, feedback and body language

Question 12

The receiver’s message is referred to as ________

Answer 12

feedback

Question 13

The sender creates a message or what is referred to as a _________

Answer 13

code

Question 14

When the receiver processes the code, its referred to as

Answer 14

decoding

Question 15

CALP

Answer 15

cognitive academic language proficiency

Question 16

the term used to discuss the formal language used in academia,

Answer 16

CALP

Question 17

The opposite of cognitive academic language; a student’s ability to understand conversational language

Answer 17

Basic interpersonal communication skills

Question 18

_______ is when there is a great degree of feedback and non-verbal communication. Prime examples of this are a face-to-face conversation or one-on-one tutoring with a learner.

Context embedded/ Context reduced

Answer 18

Context embedded communication

Question 19

_______ is what’s found often in the academic world, such as reading a textbook, watching a PowerPoint presentation, or even talking on the telephone. This communication relies far more on a deep understanding of the language to be meaningful, something ESL learners struggle to achieve as early as context embedded language.

Context embedded/ Context reduced

Answer 19

Context reduced communication

Question 20

Teachers who wish to help ESL students who may be struggling with academic language should try to make sure they are using ______.

Answer 20

context embedded methods.

Question 21

Teachers can aid students increase cognitive academic language proficiency by adding ______

Answer 21

visuals cues and allowing ELLS to work with native speakers

Question 22

ELL Proficiency Levels

are those who have had zero previous exposure to English or have the ability to use only isolated words, common phrases, and basic pronunciation features. These students will be able to understand, but may not be able to produce, simple language such as ‘yes,’ ‘no,’ ‘good,’ ‘bad,’ and in many cases the numbers 1-10.

Answer 22

beginner

Question 23

ELL Proficiency Levels

students on this level will have enough vocabulary and grammar to communicate at a basic level in familiar environments. Examples would be: ‘My name is…,’ ‘I am from…,’ and ‘Good morning, how are you?’

Answer 23

lower intermediate

Question 24

ELL Proficiency Levels

At this level, ELLs can maintain a simple conversation and/or execute day-to-day functions, but only with high frequency (common) words and in familiar contexts. For example, these students would be able to give directions in a taxi, order food in a restaurant, and understand general meaning when watching videos in English.

Answer 24

intermediate

Question 25

ELL Proficiency Levels

Students at this level can manage a cohesive, flowing conversation, but with consistent mistakes in grammar, pronunciation, and word choice. These ELLs are able to provided elaborate answers to questions such as: How do you feel about globalization? What are the pros and cons of technology?

Answer 25

upper intermediate

Question 26

ELL Proficiency Levels

ELLs at this level have strong skill sets in all areas of speaking, writing, listening, and reading. They are able to use a range of professional and technical words and maintain the ability to coherently communicate even in unfamiliar areas. For example, these individuals are able to conduct international business negotiations, author a publishable paper, and engage in public speaking with accuracy and confidence.

Answer 26

Advanced

Question 27

ELL Proficiency Levels

This level is reserved for individuals who hold English as their first language. It is important to note that many people grow up in bilingual or multilingual language environments, so it is common to see have students with multiple mother tongues.

Answer 27

Native speaker

Question 28

a UK-developed system that is recognized by almost all schools, employers, and technical institutions around the world.

Answer 28

IELTS

International English Language Testing System.

Question 29

an American-developed system that is also highly recognized around the world.

Answer 29

TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language

Question 30

this is a European-based system that is also widely recognized around the world.

Answer 30

CEFR

Common European Framework of Reference