Chapter 7 Language Functions, Skills, and Proficiency Flashcards
a system that helps people express thoughts, feelings, and meaning through symbols and sounds.
language
refers to the way we relate language to our relationships with other people. This means it’s how we use language and how we communicate in a social setting.
social/ cultural
social function of language
In fact, culture is transmitted by language, and both influence one another. That is the ______ of language.
social/ cultural
cultural function
______ communication is when you’re communicating with someone else.
Interpersonal
The ______ is the means you choose to send a message; some sort of delivery device
channel
For instance, you (the sender) send a text message through a cell phone (the channel) to your best friend (the receiver). Then the receiver reciprocates and replies with a text (again using the phone as the channel). The receiver’s message is referred to as feedback, and now the sender becomes the receiver.
This is an example of the _________ process
communication
First, individuals are a complex make-up of past experiences, knowledge, biases, and abilities.
These are known as _______
filters
_______ is the act of interpreting the message.
decoding
_______ or body language, plays an important role in interpersonal communication. This includes body position and movements, eye contact, hand and facial gestures, and even how close or how far the sender positions themselves in relationship to the receiver.
Non-verbal communication
BICS stands for
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
What are the 8 components of communication
A sender, receiver, filters, channels, coding/decoding, feedback and body language
The receiver’s message is referred to as ________
feedback
The sender creates a message or what is referred to as a _________
code
When the receiver processes the code, its referred to as
decoding
CALP
cognitive academic language proficiency
the term used to discuss the formal language used in academia,
CALP
The opposite of cognitive academic language; a student’s ability to understand conversational language
Basic interpersonal communication skills
_______ is when there is a great degree of feedback and non-verbal communication. Prime examples of this are a face-to-face conversation or one-on-one tutoring with a learner.
Context embedded/ Context reduced
Context embedded communication
_______ is what’s found often in the academic world, such as reading a textbook, watching a PowerPoint presentation, or even talking on the telephone. This communication relies far more on a deep understanding of the language to be meaningful, something ESL learners struggle to achieve as early as context embedded language.
Context embedded/ Context reduced
Context reduced communication
Teachers who wish to help ESL students who may be struggling with academic language should try to make sure they are using ______.
context embedded methods.
Teachers can aid students increase cognitive academic language proficiency by adding ______
visuals cues and allowing ELLS to work with native speakers
ELL Proficiency Levels
are those who have had zero previous exposure to English or have the ability to use only isolated words, common phrases, and basic pronunciation features. These students will be able to understand, but may not be able to produce, simple language such as ‘yes,’ ‘no,’ ‘good,’ ‘bad,’ and in many cases the numbers 1-10.
beginner
ELL Proficiency Levels
students on this level will have enough vocabulary and grammar to communicate at a basic level in familiar environments. Examples would be: ‘My name is…,’ ‘I am from…,’ and ‘Good morning, how are you?’
lower intermediate
ELL Proficiency Levels
At this level, ELLs can maintain a simple conversation and/or execute day-to-day functions, but only with high frequency (common) words and in familiar contexts. For example, these students would be able to give directions in a taxi, order food in a restaurant, and understand general meaning when watching videos in English.
intermediate
ELL Proficiency Levels
Students at this level can manage a cohesive, flowing conversation, but with consistent mistakes in grammar, pronunciation, and word choice. These ELLs are able to provided elaborate answers to questions such as: How do you feel about globalization? What are the pros and cons of technology?
upper intermediate
ELL Proficiency Levels
ELLs at this level have strong skill sets in all areas of speaking, writing, listening, and reading. They are able to use a range of professional and technical words and maintain the ability to coherently communicate even in unfamiliar areas. For example, these individuals are able to conduct international business negotiations, author a publishable paper, and engage in public speaking with accuracy and confidence.
Advanced
ELL Proficiency Levels
This level is reserved for individuals who hold English as their first language. It is important to note that many people grow up in bilingual or multilingual language environments, so it is common to see have students with multiple mother tongues.
Native speaker
a UK-developed system that is recognized by almost all schools, employers, and technical institutions around the world.
IELTS
International English Language Testing System.
an American-developed system that is also highly recognized around the world.
TOEFL
Test of English as a Foreign Language
this is a European-based system that is also widely recognized around the world.
CEFR
Common European Framework of Reference
