Chapter 4: Elements of Language Flashcards
Term in linguistics meaning the study of language that is not directly spoken;
studies implied and inferred meanings.
pragmatics
The study of how words can be interpreted in different ways based on the situation.
pragmatics
A situation can clarify ambiguous language.
True/ False?
true
A cashier asking how I am doing but not expecting a detailed answer is an example of pragmatics or syntax?
pragmatics
What’s another term for pragmatism?
C________ I __________
conversational implicature
A word that means vague or unclear is (morpheme/ ambiguous)
ambiguous
Means the process of communication (morpheme/ ambiguous/ discourse)
discourse
If we were to chat about the weather, that would be a (common discourse/ formal discourse).
common discourse
Means communication that has greater rules surrounding it, such as when discussing business matters at work. This level of communication has more specialized terminology (business words like profits, margin, and water cooler) and greater rules with regards to communication.
formal discourse
For example, the way you speak to the president of the company you work for is different than the way you would speak to your friends. That’s an example of (common discourse/ formal discourse/ academic discourse).
formal discourse
Examples of ______ are textbooks, presentations, dissertations, research articles, and lectures. (common discourse/ formal discourse/ academic discourse).
academic discourse
This discourse is composed of several elements: structure and organization,
manner of speaking,
complexity,
intelligibility, and
audience.
(common discourse/ formal discourse/ academic discourse).
academic discourse
How do older ESOL students typically acquire new English language knowledge?
Through E______ and R________
Through examples and repetition.
A term used to describe the differentiations that people have between the MEANINGS of words;
a formal term for a branch of linguistics that is concerned with studying how MEANING is constructed and communicated in written or spoken language.
semantics
The three major types of semantics are
F ______
L ______
C______
Formal semantics
Lexical semantics
Conceptual semantics
This branch of semantics is concerned with the TRUTH of utterances and how that truth is determined, especially in philosophy
Formal semantics
The branch of semantics that study the meaning of individual words, especially in the context of things like metaphor and other literary devices that can alter the meanings of words and phrases; takes into account things like context, or the text surrounding a word that gives it a particular meaning, and nuance, or shades of meaning in a word.
Lexical semantics
Semantics that is all about the dictionary definition of a word before any context is applied.
What concepts are words connected to?
How does meaning get assigned to those words?
How do meanings change over time?
These are all questions asked in _____ semantics. In linguistics, a word that represents a concept is usually referred to as a sign.
conceptual semantics
The _____ of a word is the dictionary definition: This is also known as the literal meaning of a word.(denotation/connotation)
denotation
________ is a word’s figurative meaning or the additional layers of meaning that many people associate with a word beyond its dictionary definition. (denotation/connotation)
connotation
What is a ‘sign’ in the linguistic field?
That which represents a concept
Semantics means:
Both the linguistic field of study about the meanings of words, as well as our differentiations between words and sentences based on context.
What is the best method of distinguishing between literal meaning and figurative meaning? (word choice/ context)
context
It has to do with the way sentences are constructed using appropriate grammar and word arrangement. (syntax/ semantics)
syntax