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APHUG > Chapter 7 Key Issues > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Key Issues Flashcards

1
Q

ethnicity

A

identity w/ particular group of people who share cultural traditions of homeland

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2
Q

race

A

identity w/ group of people who are perceived to share physiological traits

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3
Q

nationality

A

identity w/ group of people who share legal attachment to particular country

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4
Q

racism

A

race is primary determinant of human traits
capacities/racial
differences produce an inherent superiority of particular race

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5
Q

racist

A

person displays discrimination/feels prejudice against people of particular
races

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6
Q

US census classifications

A
  • white
  • black/African american
  • American Indian/ alaskan native
  • asian
    -native hawaiian/ other pacific islander
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7
Q

1997 guidelines

A

permit selection of one or more races

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8
Q

Hispanic Americans

A
  • primarily from Mexico and Puerto Rico
  • clustered in the Southwest
  • California, Texas, Florida, new york
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9
Q

Asian Americans

A
  • from China, Philippines, India
  • clustered in West
  • California
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10
Q

African Americans

A
  • from three areas of West Africa
  • clustered in southeast
  • Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, South Carolina, mississippi
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11
Q

branco

A

white

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12
Q

pardo

A

brown

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13
Q

preto

A

black

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14
Q

amarelo

A

yellow

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15
Q

clusters in south of brazil

A

brancos, São Paulo, legacy from Europe

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16
Q

clusters in north of brazil

A

indigenous, Amazon rainforest area, interior

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17
Q

clusters in northeast of brazil

A

northern coast, legacy of migration from Africa

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18
Q

clusters in west-central brazil

A

mixed, site of Brasilia, the capital

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19
Q

ethnic enclave

A

high concentration of ethnic group distinct from those in surrounding area

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20
Q

ethnoburbs

A

suburban area w/ cluster of particular ethnic group

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21
Q

urban ethnic enclaves

A

clustering evident at neighborhood scale

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22
Q

slavery

A

one person owns another person as property and can force to work for owner’s benefit

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23
Q

triangular slave trade

A

Europe to Africa to the Americas

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24
Q

sharecropper

A

works fields on rented land; pays rent by turning over share of crop to landowner

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25
Q

African American migration

A

after both world wars African Americans migrated north and west to factories in the North

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26
Q

white flight

A

emigration of whites from an area in anticipation of blacks moving in

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27
Q

blockbusting

A

real estate agents convince white homeowners to sell homes at low prices
because blacks would cause values to decline

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28
Q

redlining

A

financial institutions refused to lend money within an area drawn on a map

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29
Q

separate but equal

A

upheld by Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

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30
Q

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

A

segregation was unconstitutional

31
Q

black lives matter

A

campaign against violence and racism toward blacks

32
Q

apartheid

A

legal separation of races into different areas

33
Q

division based on ethnicity and religion in south asia

A
  • india, hindu
  • Pakistan, muslim
34
Q

dividing the kurds

A
  • ethnicity divided among several countries
  • Turkey, western Iran, northern Iraq, Syria
35
Q

nationality

A

citizenship, born in the country and immigrants that acquired citizenship

36
Q

ethnicity

A

groups with distinct ancestry

37
Q

quebecois

A

debate over whether it is a nationality or ethnic group

38
Q

2 countries in British isles

A

UK and ireland

39
Q

nationality within UK

A

english, Welsh, scot, irish

40
Q

nationalism

A

loyalty and devotion to a nationality, centripetal force

41
Q

ethnicities in turkey

A

primarily Turkish (75%) and Kurds (18%)

42
Q

ethnicities in iraq

A

divided by branches of Islam

43
Q

ethnicities in syria

A

minority Alawites hold political power

44
Q

ethnicities in lebanon

A

divided by Christians, Muslims, and Druze each considering themselves
ethnically distinct

45
Q

ethnicities in pakistan

A

primarily Punjabi (45%), Pashtuns (15%)

46
Q

ethnicities in iran

A

primarily ethnic Persians (61%), Azerbaijani (16%), Kurds (10%)

47
Q

ethnicities in afghanistan

A

Pashtun (42%); Tajik (27%), fighting among ethnicities

48
Q

azerbijan

A

primarily Azerbaijani (90%), Shiite Muslim, Turkic language

49
Q

armenia

A

98% Armenian, Christian, Indo-European language

50
Q

georgia

A

82% Georgian

51
Q

Abkhazia and south ossetia

A

seceded from Georgia, recognized by Russia as independent
countries

52
Q

Ethnicities in Central Asia States

A

Tajikistan (80% Tajik), Turkmenistan (80% Turkmen), Kyrgyzstan
(70%), Uzbekistan (70% Uzbek), Kazakhstan (70% Kazakh)

53
Q

ethnophobia

A

fear of people of a particular ethnicity

54
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of people from other countries

55
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

purposeful policy designed by one ethnicity or religious group to remove
by violent means that civilian population of another ethnic group

56
Q

genocide

A

genocide—mass killing of a group in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

57
Q

Nazis

A

deported and exterminated around 17 million people including 6 million Jews

58
Q

Europe after WWll

A

mass movement of people within Europe due to boundary changes

59
Q

rohingya

A

ethnic group from Rakhine state, Sunni Muslim

60
Q

ethnic cleansing and genocide myammar

A

stripped of citizenship and rights by Myanmar’s government
subject to ethnic cleansing and forced migration

61
Q

ethnic cleansing southeast europe

A

Multiethnic Yugoslavia—major ethnic groups (Croat, Serbian, Macedonian, Montenegrin,
Slovene) granted relative autonomy

62
Q

ethnic cleansing kosovo

A

autonomous region in Serbia
82% of Kosovo’s population ethnic Albanian
Serbs launched ethnic cleansing in 1990s
Kosovo declared independence in 2008

63
Q

ethnic diversity Bosnia and herzegovina

A

most ethnically diverse of former Yugoslavia–44% Bosniak, 31% Serb, 17% Croat, each
sought to maximize their territory through ethnic cleansing

64
Q

srebrenica massacre

A

1995, largest single ethnic cleansing event in Bosnia

65
Q

Bosnia & Herzegovina After Ethnic Cleansing

A

territory divided after the 1995 Dayton accords, joint Croatian (20% of land) and Bosnian
(30% of land) region, Serbian region (50% of land)

66
Q

balkanization

A

process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

67
Q

Ethnicities & Nationalities in Africa

A

identity primarily based on ethnicity rather than nationality

68
Q

Dafur

A

civil war between Arab dominated government vs. black African ethnicities
(western Sudan)

69
Q

South Sudan

A

civil war 1983-2005, ended with establishment of South Sudan

70
Q

Abyei

A

borderland, considered citizens of both Sudan and South Sudan

71
Q

South Kordofan and Blue Nile

A

borderlands

72
Q

Eastern Front

A

borders Eritrea, major issue oil profits

73
Q

Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Rwanda & Burundi

A

large-scale ethnic cleansing between the Hutus and Tutsis

74
Q

Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in the Congo

A

ongoing civil wars, ethnic conflicts
ethnic cleansing
genocide

APHUG (6 decks)

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