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APHUG > Chapter 2 Key Issues > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Key Issues Flashcards

1
Q

overpopulation

A

of people exceeds the carrying capacity of environment

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2
Q

demography

A

scientific study of population characteristics

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3
Q

population distribution across earth

A

asia and europe

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4
Q

humans avoid clustering in…

A

too dry, too wet, too hot, too cold, etc.

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5
Q

population cartograms

A

sizes of countries according to population

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6
Q

ecumene

A

portion of earth occupied by human settlement

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7
Q

density

A

frequency of something existing in an area

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8
Q

arable land

A

land suited for agriculture

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9
Q

arithmetic density
(# of objects in area)

A

total people / total land

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10
Q

physiological density
(# of people per arable land)

A

total people / arable land

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11
Q

agricultural density
(# of farmers per arable land)

A

total farmers / arable land

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12
Q

NIR
(population growth in a year)

A

natural increase rate

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13
Q

doubling time

A

years needed to double population

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14
Q

CBR
(# of live births/year for every 100 people alive)

A

crude birth rate

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15
Q

TFR
(# of births in society)

A

total fertility rate

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16
Q

IMR
(# of infant deaths under age 1 compared w/ total live births)

A

infant mortality rate

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17
Q

high IMR
(Africa)

A

bad healthcare

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18
Q

CDR
(# of deaths in year/ 1000 people in society)

A

crude death rate

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19
Q

demographic transition

A

change in society’s population

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20
Q

low growth

A

-high CBR
-high CDR
-low NIR

21
Q

healthcare in developed

A

little or no cost

22
Q

healthcare in developing

A

pay more than half the cost

23
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

annual # of female deaths/ 100,000 live births

24
Q

sex ratio

A

of males/ 100 females in population

25
Q

missing females

A

babies missing from abortion or being killed in infancy

26
Q

life expectancy

A

average # of years individual is expected to live

27
Q

elderly support ratio

A

of working age people/ # of elderly

28
Q

“graying” of population

A

elderly increase-
more people need to work to support

29
Q

population pyramid

A

bar graph that displays % of a place’s population for each age and gender

30
Q

dependency ratio

A

of too young or too old to work

31
Q

epidemiology

A

branch of medical science concerned w/ incidence, distribution, control

32
Q

epidemiologic transition

A

focuses on diffinctive health threats in each stage of demographic transition

33
Q

epidemic

A

widespread occurrence of disease in community at particular time

34
Q

stage 1

A

perstilence and famine

35
Q

pandemic

A

epidemic occurring over widespread

36
Q

stage 2

A

receeding pandemics

37
Q

stage 3

A

degenerative diseases

38
Q

stage 4

A

diagnosed degenerative and lifestyle diseases

39
Q

demographic transition stage 5

A

-low CBR
-increasing CDR
-declining NIR

40
Q

policy in China

A

one child policy

41
Q

policy in India

A

national family planning program

42
Q

antinatalist policies

A

policy supporting low birth rate

43
Q

distributing contraceptives

A

more cheaply and quickly

44
Q

evolution in stage 5

A

antibiotics and genetic engineering contribute to emergence of new viruses

45
Q

poverty in stage 5

A

diseases often in poor areas due to unsanitary conditions and treatment too expensive

46
Q

increased connections in stage 5

A

people travel, they carry diseases with them and exposed to other diseases

47
Q

Thomas Malthus
(an essay on the principle of population)

A

one of first to argue world’s population increase was outrunning development of food supplies

48
Q

neo-malthusians

A

frightening future where billions of people are in desperate competition of food, water, and energy

49
Q

critics of malthus

A

worldwide, carrying capacity in terms of food production has increased rapidly than Malthus expected

APHUG (6 decks)

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