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APHUG > Chapter 5 Key Issues > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Key Issues Flashcards

1
Q

language

A

system of communication

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2
Q

centripetal

A

force unify people

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3
Q

centrifugal

A

force pushing people apart

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4
Q

why difficult to document # of lang.

A

hard counting lan. in asia & africa

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5
Q

institutional lan.

A

used in edu., work, mass media, govern.

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6
Q

developing lan.

A

daily use of people all ages

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7
Q

vigorous lan.

A

daily use of people all ages but lacks literary tradition

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8
Q

threatened lan.

A

face to face communication losing users

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9
Q

dying lan.

A

used by old and not transmitted to young

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10
Q

literary tradition

A

written and spoken

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11
Q

language family

A

collection of lan. related thru common lan. that existed before recorded history

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12
Q

language branch

A

lan. within family related thru common lan. from several thousand years (difference not as old as lan. fam.)

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13
Q

language group

A

collection of lan.within branch sharing common origin in recent past
have common grammar/vocab

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14
Q

% of people speaking one of seven language families

A

90%

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15
Q

origin/diffusion of romance language

A

diffuse by importance of city of Rome 200 years ago

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16
Q

common ancestry of indo-european lan.

A

proto-indo-european

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17
Q

nomadic warrior theory

A

first proto-indo-europeans were kurgan (spread thru expansion)

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18
Q

sedentary farmer theory

A

first proto-indo-european speakers were turkish (spread thru agriculture)

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19
Q

german invasion

A

brought English to British isles thru invasion

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20
Q

Norman invasion

A

nobles spoke French but citizens spoke english->
english>french

21
Q

diffusion of english

A

people of England migrating/ establishing colonies

22
Q

lingua franca

A

language of international comm. such as english

23
Q

english on internet

A

50% internet content in english

24
Q

chinese

A

next lingua franca

25
Q

official language

A

used by govern. to enact legislation, publish doc, conduct public business

26
Q

working language

A

designated by international organization as its primary means of comm.

27
Q

informal language

A

new lan. being created thru mixing english with other lan.

28
Q

franglais

A

french & english

29
Q

spanglish

A

spanish & english

30
Q

denglish

A

german & english

31
Q

pidgin

A

no native speakers
mix of 2 lan. by learning each others vocab/grammar and mixing

32
Q

dialects defined w/

A

vocab, spelling, pronounciation

33
Q

subdialect

A

2 subdialects of same dialect share few difference

34
Q

why English dialects differ

A

lack of spatial interaction

35
Q

standard language

A

dialect that is well establish & widely used as suited for govern., business, edu., mass comm.

36
Q

Received Pronounciation (RP)

A

dialect used by politicians, broadcasters, actors

37
Q

south us dialects

A

half -> “ha-af”
mine -> “mi-yan

38
Q

north us dialects

A

dropping the /r/ sound (heart -> “hot”)

39
Q

appalachian us dialects

A

pronouncing “hollow” -> “holler”
double negatives “ain’t nothing”

40
Q

African American English (AAVE)

A

african americans in racist areas preserve red their distinctive dialect

41
Q

creolized languages

A

language resulting from mix of colonizer’s lan. w/ indigenous lan. of people being dominated

42
Q

mutual intelligibility

A

ability of people speaking in 2 wats to readily understand each other without prior familiarity

43
Q

language vary by gender

A

feminine/masculine grammar, men/women different word choice

44
Q

2 causes of lan. dying

A

children are not learning, remaining speakers use it less

45
Q

2 competing trends w/ language patterns

A

globalization, local diversity

46
Q

isolated language

A

language unrelated to any other language

47
Q

globalization leading to lan. loss

A

people choose pop. language > indigenous

48
Q

why people interested in saving lan.

A

lan. offer insight into culture of places

49
Q
A

APHUG (5 decks)

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